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174 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The desire to be self motivated is called
A. Mastery B. Autonomy C. Manipulation |
b. Autonomy
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The study at MIT was designed to test.
A. The effects on wealthy individuals vs. poor individuals. B. The correlation between the level of reward and performance of cognitive skills. C. The productivity of college students. |
B. The correlation between the level of reward and performance of cognitive skills.
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You are running an engineering design firm. The encourage your engineers to be more creative and effective you should...
A. Issue cash rewards based on performance B. Threaten to fire the workers. C. Give the workers more input on what they do and how they do it. |
C. Give the workers more input on what they do and how they do it.
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In the study done at MIT on Motivation, which one of the following decreased performance and was an unexpected result?
A.) A larger reward using only Mechanical Skill B.) A smaller reward using only Mechanical Skill C.) A larger reward using only Rudimentary Cognitive Skill D.) A larger reward using only Rudimentary Cognitive Skill |
C.) A larger reward using only Rudimentary Cognitive Skill
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If you are a manager at a small business and you give your Employess autonomy for the day which of the following would you expect based on the study MIT did?
A.) Your employees would be more compliant B.) Your Employees would become more engaged with their work C.) Your Employees would become less engaged with there work. D.) Your Employees will destroy the business. |
B.) Your Employees would become more engaged with their work
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In a business allowing your employees to master challenging, work and allowing them to feel like they are making acontribution will help you succeed?
True False |
True
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When the task requires only mechanical skill
A) The bonuses work as expected, good incentives motivates worker B) The bonuses don't have any affect on the worker's motivation C) The bonuses have a negative affect on the worker's motivation |
A) The bonuses work as expected, good incentives motivates worker
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The purpose motive is better than the profit motive for certain companies because
A) It allows for a less stressful working environment for workers and they produce better products B) Everybody would rather work for themselves C) Everybody loves working for free |
A) It allows for a less stressful working environment for workers and they produce better products
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Bob, the manager of a company, realizes something needs to change. His workers have no motivation and their products are have less value. What way can he get his company to better their products and start on a path of progression?
a. increase salary b. offer an extra day off c. allow them to explore their creativity and work on a project the way they want |
c. allow them to explore their creativity and work on a project the way they want
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High Level rewards work best when the task is:
a. very complicated b. A mechanical skill c. a rudimentary cognitive skill |
b. A mechanical skill
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Betty, a very successful business woman, is helping out another company for free with her ideas and hard work. She could be getting paid a lot of money but instead she does the work for free. Betty is motivated by:
a. Mastery b. Autonomy c. Incentives d. All the above |
a. Mastery
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True or False: People will be motivated as long as money is an incentive to do a task.
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False
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Which person of the following would result in the best overall performance based on the study done at M.I.T where a large money reward was given?
a) A person memorizing digits b) A person solving a spacial puzzle while blindfolded c) A person shooting free throws d) A person working through math problems |
c) A person shooting free throws
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"The desire to be self directed" best describes the following
a)autonomy b)optimistic c)goal-oriented d)pessimistic |
a)autonomy
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MIT's study on motivation showed that if a company wants to aide in positive growth and engagement they should
a)demote employees b)allow more autonomy c)cash incentives d)give more vacation time |
b)allow more autonomy
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If incentives are given in large increments for simple and mechanical tasks the participants will perform
a)same as if no incentive was given b)worse c)better d)depends on the person |
c)better
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True or False: An example of autonomy is the traditional notions of management.
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False
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The boss of a big company pulls Fank and Jim aside to complete a task. He gives Frank specific steps in order to complete the task and tells Jim he can do it however he wants. Who will perform the task better?
A. Jim B. Frank C. Neither D. Both will perform the task the same |
A. Jim
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Which of the following best exemplifies the message of the presentation.
A. The better you do your job, the more money you make. B. Everyone should be treated equal C. Be your own boss D. Give people a chance to work their way and treat them as such. |
D. Give people a chance to work their way and treat them as such.
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According to the video "The surprising truth about what motivates us" which one of the following factors lead to better performance?
A. Money B. Autonomy C. Promotions D. None of the Above |
B. Autonomy
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True/False When tasks were mechanical higher reward incentive lead to poorer performance.
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False
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When companies such as Wikipedia, Linux, etc give away their highly sophisticated work for free that they could make a large profit from, what is motivating them to do this.
A. They are giving away their useless products. B. They are motivated by mastery and being challenged. C. They want to make a difference in the world. D. B&C |
D. B&C
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In the MIT study once the task called for rudimentary cognative skill, a larger reward lead to what?
a. poorer performance b. greater performance |
a. poorer performance
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While the people participating in the experiment in India tried for the highest reward (2 months salary) did poor in rudimentary cognative skill, those aiming for the little and minimum reward performed?
a. better b. about the same c. worst |
b. about the same
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1. When a baseball player goes out and hits 100 pitches a day, this is an example of:
A. Ability B. Mastery C. Purpose D. None of the Above |
B. Mastery
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A large company wants to maximize work output through their employees. What is the best option for doing so?
A. Increase employee hourly wage B. Allow them to work the way they choose to work C. Increase demand placed on employee D. Give employees the day off |
B. Allow them to work the way they choose to work
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True or False: Less reward translates into better performance in cognitive tasks
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True
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Rudimentary cognitive skill plays what role in reward motivation?
A.With Rudimentary cognitive skills, the reward correlated with an improvement in. performance B.With Rudimentary cognitive skill, the reward correlated with a decrease in performance. C.Rudimentary cognitive skilsl does not play a role in reward/punishment motivation. D.Rudimentary cognitive skills can both decrease and increase performance, depending on the study. |
A.With Rudimentary cognitive skills, the reward correlated with an improvement in performance
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The company Atlassian tells their developers to work freely for 24 hours, how does this motivate workers?
A.There is a $1,000 dollar bonus for the group who comes up with the best idea. B.A party at the end of the 24 hours motivates people to make innovations so they can relax at work, but still be paid. C.Surprisingly, there is no monetary motivation besides letting the researchers have their imaginative freedom to do whatever they wish through satisfaction and self worth. D.Developers get to move out of their cubicals, making them more social and thus more happy at work. |
C.Surprisingly, there is no monetary motivation besides letting the researchers have their imaginative freedom to do whatever they wish through satisfaction and self worth.
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True/False The profit motivation not only strengthens a company, but researchers agree that those who lack motivation are then motivated to be self-directed and work more happily and successfully.
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False
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True/False
When it comes to cognitive challenging tasks, the more the reward the better the performance. |
False
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In a business, what would be the most effective way to get good work out of employees for a day?
A) Raise hourly wage for a day B) Involve them in a proactive cognitive brainstorming game C) Give them the day off D) Let them work on whatever they want to work on |
D) Let them work on whatever they want to work on
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True/False
The statement that less reward equals better performance in cognitive tasks has been proven consistent with many tests and the same results. |
True
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When a man practices tennis every weekend, it is an example of
A. rudimentary cognitive skills B. Purpose C. Mastery D. Ability |
C. Mastery
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What are the 3 factors that lead to better performance and personal satisfaction?
A. Mastery B Purpose C. Autonomy D. all of the above |
D. all of the above
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True/False
Larger monetary rewards lead to greater innovative thinking |
False
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Which of the following is not one of the three factors that lead to better performance and personal satisfaction?
A. Mastery B. Autonomy C. Ability D. Purpose |
C. Ability
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A man goes to the gym every weekend to play basketball to improve his game. This demonstrates
A. Mastery B. Purpose C. Mastery D. Ability |
C. Mastery
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True/False
When a company focuses on a profit more than there purpose, the company is most likely going ot prosper. |
False
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With this skill you will perform better after you receive a $200 bonus?
A. Rudimentary cognitive B. Mechanical C. Mastery D. Purpose |
B. Mechanical
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Which is not one of the 3 factors that leads to better performance and personal satisfaction?
A. Mastery B Purpose C. Autonomy D. Rudimentary cognitive skills |
D. Rudimentary cognitive skills
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True/False
When a task gets more complicated, it requires creative and some mechanical thinking? |
False because it requires creative and some conceptual thinking
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What is NOT one of the 3 characteristics that lead to better performance and personal satisfaction?
a. autonomy b. desire c. mastery d. purpose |
b. desire
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Jill is the coach of a track team. She is an organized and dictative coach with a very planned out schedule for the team to run everyday. One day, Jill lets the runners on the team do whatever they want for a practice, as long as it is some type of physical activity. The next day at practice she asks each runner what they did and finds that they all obeyed and did some form of physical activity even more intensely then their practice would have been. This is an example of:
a. purpose b. mastery c. autonomy d. personal choice |
c. autonomy
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Why did the research at MIT find that when performing tasks above rudimentary cognitive skill, the larger reward led to poorer performance?
a. The reward was not sufficiently big enough b. The participants were rich and didn't need the money c. There was an error in the research d. The study did not show this, but merely the opposite |
a. The reward was not sufficiently big enough
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True/False
In a typical motivation scheme, only the best performer is rewarded. |
False, everyone is rewarded but the best performer is rewarded the most.
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Joe needs to design a label for a class project. Since Joe is not creative, he wants to ask Jane, his rich artistic friend, to draw it for him. To get the most positive and motivated response from Jane, Joe should offer what type of reward for her help?
a. He'll wash her car b. Twenty dollars c. Gratitude and appreciation d. Fifty dollars |
c. Gratitude and appreciation
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Why don't large cash incentives work on well paid employees to be more innovative?
a. because they're too busy b. because money doesn't challenge them c. because they are lazy d. because they are purpose minimizes |
b. because money doesn't challenge them
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The desire to be self directed is the definition of the word _________.
A. satisfaction B. purpose C. mastery D. autonomy |
D. autonomy
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True/False
An example of being autonomous is completing a task for the reward of a trip to Jamaica. |
False
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What is the underlying message of this video?
A. Different things motivate different people. B. Money is the best motivator for most people for most activities/duties/tasks. C. The best form of motivation is internal and self directed. D. It doesn't matter how someone is motivated; all that matters is that the task is accomplished. |
C. The best form of motivation is internal and self directed.
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If you give Jane $1 (low-level reward) every time she answers a word problem correctly and you give Ted $50 (high-level reward) every time he answers a word problem correctly, which one would show a greater performance?
A) Jane B) Ted |
A) Jane
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According to an experiment performed by M.I.T. high-level rewards are effective...?
A) For simple, straight-forward tasks B) For more complicated tasks that requires some conceptual, creative thinking C) In all situations |
A) For simple, straight-forward tasks
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Based on the research study performed by M.I.T. dealing with motivation, if a company wants to promote engagement in their workers they should...?
A) Provide an innovation bonus B) Threaten them with loss of job if they don't pay more attention C) Allow for more autonomy in their work-day D) Start throwing more pizza parties |
C) Allow for more autonomy in their work-day
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The desire to be self directed is called
a. Mastery b. Autonomy c. Rudimentary cognitive skill d. Incentives |
b. Autonomy
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Henry is an electrician who owns and operates an electric company in a small town. On the weekends he plays guitar at the local bar. However, he does so without pay. He claims he plays to get better and because he enjoys it. Henry’s guitar playing is an example of __________.
a. Autonomy b. Behavioral physics c. Motivation d. Mastery |
d. Mastery
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As an executive with many employees working below you, it is important to remember the concept of Rudimentary Cognitive Skill because
a. with mechanical skill, the greater the reward, the lower the performance b. once a task calls for rudimentary cognitive skill, a larger task leads to poorer performance c. once a task calls for rudimentary cognitive skill, a larger task leads to better performance d. none of the above |
b. once a task calls for rudimentary cognitive skill, a larger task leads to poorer performance
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Sally wants to avoid a divergent understanding situation what should she do?
A. Get in business transactions with her friends B. Call a new professor of hers by their first name C. Go out to eat with her friends and each pay individually D. Throw a birthday party for her new professor |
C. Go out to eat with her friends and each pay individually
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Jim and Jill are best friends. Jim asks Jill to have sex with him. Since, it is now a mutual knowledge that Jim wants to be more than friends what happens to their friendship?
A) Continue to be friends B) Start dating C) Stop being friends D) Have a one night stand |
C) Stop being friends
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Robert is in need of some extra cash. He has some people in mind of who he can ask to borrow some money from. Robert decides it is better to ask his friend Haley rather than his boss Charles because he has what type of relationship with Charles?
a. communality b. reciprocity c. dominance d. indirect |
c. dominance
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We veil our messages to...
a) signal safest message to the listener b) count on the listener to read between the lines c) state the obvious d) a and b e) b and c |
d) a and b
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Bob and his boss of 7 years are of the same sex and relative age. However, Bob still isn't sure whether or not he can consider his boss a friend. This is because his boss sometimes treats him in a way that Bob feels is more imperative that necessary. This is his boss's way of showing his __________ in the relationship.
a. Mutuality b. Dominance c. Awkwardness d. Communality |
b. Dominance
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Selling your car is NOT okay in a ____________ relationship because he / she is a good friend of yours, which may strain your relationship.
A. Reciprocity B. Communality C. Sexual D. Dominance |
B. Communality
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A friend invites you over to their place for dinner. When the meal is finished you pay them for their food and services. Which relationship type does this gesture clash with.
A. Dominance B. Communality C. Reciprocity D. None of the above |
B. Communality
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What type of relationship is appropriate when you are out at a restaurant?
A. Dominance B. Communality C. Reciprocity D. Awkwardness |
C. Reciprocity
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Mike is the CEO of his company, his employees do whatever he needs them to do, because he is the boss. This is a display of
A) Dominance B) Communality C) Reciprocity D) Mutual Knowledge |
A) Dominance
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It is important for driving instructors to use explicit language when addressing students because it leads to____.
a. rioting b. mutual knowledge c. innuendos d. stardom |
b. mutual knowledge
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Paying someone to walk your dog for you would be anomalous in which relationship type or types?
a. communiality b. communiality and dominant c. reciprocity and communiality d. dominant and reciprocity |
b. communiality and dominant
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In an important business meeting, the speakers should use ______________ to convey mutual knowledge.
A. innuendos B. explicit language C. individual knowledge D. paradoxes |
B. explicit language
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James is talking to Ella and a couple of other friends. He notices that she has lettuce stuck in her teeth and proceeds to tell state his discovery out loud. He didn't know that everyone noticed it before yet did not say anything about it. James statement is an example of
A) Mutual Knowledge B) Explicit Language C) Collective Power D) Profound Consequences |
B) Explicit Language
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Ben shares his drugs with his best friend Steve. Steve then attempts to pay Ben for said drugs, to which Ben replies, "Oh it's ok, don't worry about it." This is an example of:
A. Communality B. Dominance C. Reciprocity D. None of the above |
A. Communality
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Jim has worked for Kimberly for a year before he started dating Kimberly's best friend, Sarah, having met her through outside means. Now their working environment is awkward as they aren't sure how to act around one another. This awkwardness is because?
A) There is an ambiguity as to whether their relationship is governed by dominance or friendship B) Kimberly is jealous that Jim gets to spend more time with Sarah C) Both feel that their relationship should rest firmly in the real of reciprocity |
A) There is an ambiguity as to whether their relationship is governed by dominance or friendship
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Fred and George are coworkers of equal status at the factory. After work they share a six pack that Fred bought. This is an example of ...
A. Reciprocity B. Dominance C. Communality |
C. Communality
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n Egypt when their ongoing political revolution started, individuals spoke out against the governement on the internet which everyone could see. This is a form of __________ which led to _________ knowledge, thus allowing everyone else to know that other people felt how they did about the governement.
A) Innuendo, Individual B) Innuendo, Mutual C) Direct Speech, Indiviual D) Direct Speech, Mutual |
D) Direct Speech, Mutual
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You and your spouse have what type of relationship
a. reciprocity b. dominance c. communality d. awkward |
c. communality
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When someone goes shopping, they engage in ____?
A) Dominance B) Communality C) Reciprocity D) Mutual Knowledge |
C) Reciprocity
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Why do people use innuendos to communicate rather than plain language?
A) To leave room for both communicating parties to ponder each other's reactions to a statement B) To avoid awkwardness C) So no strain is placed on either person's realtionship with the other D) All of the above |
D) All of the above
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Which of the following is not one of Sternberg's three types of intelligence?
A. Analytical intelligence B. Creative intelligence C. General intelligence D. Practical intelligence |
C. General intelligence
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The act of viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing is referred to as _____.
For example: Regarding intelligence as a "thing" (usually an IQ) instead of a concept. a) Intelligence test b) Reification c) Factor Analysis d) Savant Syndrome |
b) Reification
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Which of the following is a test designed to assess what a person has learned?
A. Achievement Test B. Aptitude Test C. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) D. None of the above |
A. Achievement Test
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Emotional intelligence is defined as?
a) The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions b) Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations c) The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas |
Emotional intelligence is defined as?
a) The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
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What intelligence is defined as demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas.
A) Practical intelligence B) Analytical intelligence C) Academic problem solving D) Creative intelligence |
D) Creative intelligence
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Spearman found this and named it g or the ____________which was found in all tests carried out by Spearman:
a) Involuntary Knowledge b) General Intelligence Factor c) Common Sense d) General Psychometric Factor |
b) General Intelligence Factor
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Which one of these is NOT one of Sternberg's Three intelligences?
A) Analytical B) Creative C) General D) Practical |
C) General
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Tony is a kindergarten teacher. He wants to see if his class understands the material he is teaching. What type of test should he give them?
a. An aptitude test b. An achievement test c. An intelligence test d. A personality test |
b. An achievement test
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Jim grabs a chocolate chip cookie off of his boss' plate without hesitation. His boss appears extremely angry. Based on the video, Jim has mistaken their relationship as ______, while his boss sees it as ______. (Fill in the blanks)
a) Friendship; Dominance b) Communality; Dominance c) Reciprocity; Communality d) Communality; Reciprocity |
b) Communality; Dominance
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Language has to do two things; one it's got to convey some content (i.e. bribe, command, etc). What is the second thing it must do?
a. be understandable b. negotiate a relation type c. be used in everyday life d. all of the above |
b. negotiate a relation type
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Which of the following best represents the two mental habits from lecture?
A)Humility & Critical Thinking B)Mindfulness & Open-mindedness C)Divergent Thinking & Convergent Thinking D)Critical Thinking & Creative Thinking |
B)Mindfulness & Open-mindedness
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When solving a problem you follow 4 steps. What step does algorithms and heuristics fall under?
A) Recognize and frame the problem B) Evaluate Solutions C) Develop Good Problem-Solving Strategies D) Rethink, Redefine Problems/Solutions over Time Lecture and Knowledge |
C) Develop Good Problem-Solving Strategies
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Which of the following are NOT a step in Problem Solving?
A) Recognize and frame the problem B) Develop good problem solving strategies C) Controlled reasoning D) Evaluate solutions |
C) Controlled reasoning
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Producing many solutions to 1 problem is called what? (Knowledge)
A) Convergent Thinking B) Divergent Thinking C) Mindfulness D) Critical Thinking |
B) Divergent Thinking
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What kind of thinking produces the single best solution?
A. Divergent Thinking B. Mindfulness C. Convergent Thinking D. Open-Mindedness |
C. Convergent Thinking
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When comparing the brain to a computer, the physical part of our brain is similar to the ______ of a computer. (application)
a. Monitor, printer b. RAM, Hard drive c.CPU, Keyboard, mouse d. Programs such as microsoft |
c.CPU, Keyboard, mouse
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Our short and long term memory is to the hard drive of a computer as our cognition is to the ________ of a computer. (Knowledge, from lecture)
A. CPU B. Programs C. Mouse and Keyboard D. Webcam |
B. Programs
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If you were to work at a Pre-school with children, which thinking would help solve most of the problems you might encounter while you work?
A. Critical Thinking B. Creative Thinking |
B. Creative Thinking
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In which problem solving step would someone use algorithms and Heuristics?
a. 1 recognizing and framing the problem b 2 develop good problem solving strategies c 3 evaluate solutions d 4 Rethink |
b 2 develop good problem solving strategies
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Application question: If you are texting while walking to class you what decision making process are using to walk the familiar route to class?
A: a automatic process B: a controled process C: both automatic and controled processes D: neither automatic nor controled proccesses |
A: a automatic process
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What precentage of Kindergarteners could be classified as geniuses based on the book "Break Point and Beyond"?
A. 25% B. 41% C.76% D. 98% |
D. 98%
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You are having an aesthetic experience when..
a. your senses are operating at their peak b. your senses are shut off c. your senses are being stimlated d. your senses are firing impulses |
a. your senses are operating at their peak
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____ is when you shut your senses off, deaden yourself to what is happening.
A. Aesthetic Experience B. Anaesthetic Experience C. Associative Learning D.Operant Conditioning |
B. Anaesthetic Experience
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To think in a linear manner is what kind of thinking?
A. Divergent B. Convergent C. Creative D. Lateral |
B. Convergent
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Divergent thinking is...
a) lots of ways of interpreting a question b) seeing lots of possible answers to a question c) not linear or convergent thinking d) all of the above e) none of the above |
d) all of the above
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The narrator is suggesting that our level of divergent thinking deteriorates as we get older because _____________.
A. the current education system is modeled on the interests of industrialization B. standardized testing is used C. conformity (grouping kids based on age) is used D. B. and C. but not A. E. all of the above |
E. all of the above
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Which of the following is an essential capacity for creativity? (knowledge)
A)Imagination B)Divergent thinking C)Convergent thinking D) All of the above |
B)Divergent thinking
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You observe a child kicking his legs gleefully as he sits on a bench eating ice cream watching a puppet show. He must therefore…
a) be creative. b) have ADHD. c) be having an aesthetic experience. d) have cooties. |
c) be having an aesthetic experience.
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Common prescription drugs for ADHD, such as Ritalin, are used to cause a(n)
a. period of creativity b. anaesthetic experience c. aesthetic experience d. moment of divergent thinking |
b. anaesthetic experience
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Sir Ken Robinson thinks that ADHD is what?
A. A truly devastating disorder B. A case of kids faking it C. Fictitious epidemic D. Not that big of deal |
C. Fictitious epidemic
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Sir Ken Robinson thinks that ADHD is what?
A. A truly devastating disorder B. A case of kids faking it C. Fictitious epidemic D. Not that big of deal |
C. Fictitious epidemic
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Why is every country on earth, at the moment attempting to reform public education?
A. They have discovered a new advanced way of education. B. To attempt to prepare our children for the economies of the 21st century. C. They aren't, public education is fine the way it is. D. To find a way to educate our chilldren so they have a sense of cultural identity E. B and D |
E. B and D
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What are the two reasons given as to why every country at the moment is reforming public education?
a) cultural and spiritual b) economical and social c) cultural and political d) economical and cultural |
d) economical and cultural
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Why are all countries reforming public education? (knowledge)
a. economic reasons b. cultural reasons c. social reaons d. a &b, but not c |
d. a &b, but not c
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An Aesthetic Experience is?
1. When your senses are operating at their peak 2. being confused about your future 3. being overly focused about something 4. An experience only known to you |
1. When your senses are operating at their peak
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Which one of these is not considered Divergent Thinking?
A) The ability to see lots of ways to interpret a question. B) The abiliy to see multiple answers to a question. C) The ability to think about a question in a linear manner. D) An essential capacity for Creativity. |
C) The ability to think about a question in a linear manner.
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What type of thinking is an essential capacity for creativity?
a. convergent thinking b. linear thinking c. divergent thinking d. creative thinking |
c. divergent thinking
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The current education system we have was designed and conceived for the_________?
a. stone age b. enlightenment age c. 1940's d. revolutionary age |
b. enlightenment age
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When using this specific reinforcement method, we persist because our efforts are occasionally rewarded with responses, and sometimes they are not.
a. continuous reinforcement b. conditioned reinforcement c. primary reinforcement d. partial (intermittent) reinforcement |
d. partial (intermittent) reinforcement
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Which is an example of classical conditioning? application. lecture
a Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. As a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year. b. someone eats a food, and then becomes sick. Then, the person becomes nauseated everytime they smell the food c. A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat. d. A professor has a policy of exempting students from the final exam if they maintain perfect attendance during the quarter. His students’ attendance increases dramatically. |
b. someone eats a food, and then becomes sick. Then, the person becomes nauseated everytime they smell the food
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Thorndikes Law of Primacy says…
a) honesty is the best policy. b) that which is learned first is learned best. c) that real and exciting stimuli makes for better learning. d) cats are vertebrate organisms. |
b) that which is learned first is learned best.
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Operant conditioning has also been called:
a) Psychological conditioning b) Instrumental conditioning c) Classical conditioning d) Operational conditioning |
b) Instrumental conditioning
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Taking a toy away from a child as a punishment is
a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. positive punishment d. negative punishment |
d. negative punishment
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The law of readiness states that...?
A). Learning is motivated by an organism's internal state B). Responses leading toward reward result in a strengthened response C). Real and exciting stimuli result in better learning D). None of the above |
A). Learning is motivated by an organism's internal state
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Sally's dad is teaching her how to change the tire on her car. She really has no interest in the subject but she knows that it will be useful information if she ever has a tire pop when she is alone. Which of Thorndike's Laws of Learning does this situation pertain to?
a. Law of Effect b. Law of Exercise c. Law of Primacy d. Law of Readiness |
d. Law of Readiness
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Giving a dog a treat after it does a trick is an example of:
a. positive punishment b. negative punishment c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement |
c. positive reinforcement
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Which is the proper definition of operant conditioning?
A) An organisms associates its own actions with consequences. B) An organisms associate others actions with consequences. C) Actions with an automatic response to stimulus D) When associations are made between stumuli |
A) An organisms associates its own actions with consequences.
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In Pavlov's experiment, the meat powder induced salivation from the dogs. What was the meat powder in this experiment?
A. Conditioned Response B. Unconditioned Stimulus C. Conditioned Stimulus D. Unconditioned Response |
D. Unconditioned Response
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Higher Order Conditioning or Second-order Conditioning...
a) is a new neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus b) becomes associated with the previous conditioned stimulus c) tends to be weaker than first-stage conditioning. d) all the above e)none of the above |
d) all the above
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John decides to perform a classical conditioning experiment on Jacob. John presses a Staples "That was Easy" button and immediately shoots an airsoft gun at Jacob. After several days of doing this repeatedly, Jacob flinches when he hears the Staples button, even though John didn't shoot the airsoft gun at him. What is the conditioned stimulus? (Application, from lecture)
A. Jacob B. Jacob flinching C. The Staples button D. John E. The airsoft gun |
C. The Staples button
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Which of the following is NOT one of the classical conditioning phenomenons?(knowledge question from lecture notes)
A)Extinction B)Spontaneous Recovery C)Re-Acquisition D)Spontaneous Acquisition |
D)Spontaneous Acquisition
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What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A. Stimulus that reliably evokes some reflex B. Response evoked by the Unconditioned Stimulus C. Response reliably evoked by Unconditioned Stimulus D. Stimulus doesn't evoke response |
A. Stimulus that reliably evokes some reflex
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When the dog in Pavlow's Apparatus experiment becomes used to him bring it meat powder and begins salivating just by hearing his footsteps what is this reaction?
A. Psychic Reflex B. Memorization C. Reactivity D. None of the above |
A. Psychic Reflex
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Which of the following is not a limitation to innate stimulus response?
A. Stimulus must be physically present in current environment B. Response to new stimulus C. No acquisition of new responses D. Little opportunity for trial-and-error learning |
B. Response to new stimulus
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In Pavlo's experiment the tuning fork was the?
A. Unconditioned stimulus B. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned stimulus D. Conditioned response |
C. Conditioned stimulus
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In lecture we spoke of innate responses to stimuli, which of these is a taxes response?
A.Eyeblink B. Roly Poly curling up and rolling away C. Food begging in herring gulls D. Positive phototaxis in moths E. B and D |
E. B and D
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In Pavlov's experiment, which of the following is an example of a conditioned response?
A.) The Dog salivating at the meat powder B.) The Dog salivating at both the meat powder and ringing of tuning fork together C.) The Dog salivating D.) The Dog salivating at the ringing of the tuning fork |
D.) The Dog salivating at the ringing of the tuning fork
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In Pavlov's Experiment, the tuning fork by itself acted as the
1. conditioned response 2. conditioned stimulus 3. unconditioned stimulus 4. unconditioned response |
2. conditioned stimulus
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Stacy meet her new lab partner Katie. After the first day she forgot Katie's name, but as time when on seeing her once a week she remembered her name. This phenomenon is called...?
A) Time Memory B) Spacing Effect C) Cram Session D) Distuributed Time Phenomenon |
B) Spacing Effect
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Which of these is not a technique of ways to remember pieces of information by encoding?
A. Chunking B. Mnemonic Devices C. rehearsal D. serial position effect |
D. serial position effect
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Mike is going shopping, he forgot the list of things to buy at home. He only remembers the first and last thing on his list. Mike is experiencing the....
1) Spacing Effect 2) Serial Position Effect 3) Visual encoding 4) Effortful Processing |
2) Serial Position Effect
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Jim left his keys somewhere, with out conscious effort he retraced his steps during the day to find his keys at a friends house. What kind of processing was Jim using?
A) Top-down B) Effortful C) Bottom-up D) Automatic |
D) Automatic
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Bob was given a phone number last night. He used manageable units to help remember the phone number. What kind of technique did Bob use?
A. Imagery B. Mnemonics C. Chunking D. Acoustic Encoding |
C. Chunking
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Bob rolls a list of items over and over in his head to attempt to recall what he needs when he gets to the store. This is an example of:
A) Spacing Effect B) Time Memory C) Cram Session D) Distuributed Time Phenomenon |
A) Spacing Effect
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Rick is told a password to his friend's computer. Which of the following techniques would help Rick to better remember the password for later.
A.) Effortful B.) Chunking C.) Time Memory D.) Effortful |
B.) Chunking
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An example of the "spacing effect" is when: (application)
a. Billy learns his times tables by practicing them once a night for a week b. Billy tries to learn his times tables by going over them repeatedly right before a test c. Billy tries to associate alternative meanings to help him remember his times tables |
a. Billy learns his times tables by practicing them once a night for a week
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When Bill is studying for his test, he says out loud and rehearses the information he is studying for. Bill is using what effect?
A. Effortful Processing Effect B. Spacing Effect C. Mnemonic effect D. Serial Position Effect |
D. Serial Position Effect
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When Jenny was asked by her parents how her day went yesterday, she explained to them where she went, what she wore, who she was with, and what they did. But when they asked her what she learned in psychology class, she couldn't recall what she had learned. It's harder for Jenny to recall the abstract material learned because it doesn't posses________.
a. serial position effect b. spacing effect c. visual imagery d. Chunking |
c. visual imagery
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Heather is talking to her friend when she gets distracted by someone driving by. Her friend gets irritated and asks, "What did I just say?" Heather thinks and remembers. Her remembering the last 3 seconds she was focused on something else is called...?
A) Iconic Memory B) Echoic Memory C) Short-term Memory D) Long-term Memory |
B) Echoic Memory
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True or False: People given a drug that blocked the effects of their stress hormones remember details of a upsetting story better compared to those not given the drug.
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False
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Mike won the lottery a few years ago, he still remembers that moment very clearly, as if it were yesterday. This phenomenon is known as.....
1) Long-term Potentiation 2) Flashbulb Memory 3) Iconic Memory 4) Echoic Memory |
2) Flashbulb Memory
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Roy and Joy are celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary. While one of their children is giving a toast to the happy couple, Roy and Joy both remember the moment that they said "I do". This is known as a(n)
A) Flashbulb memory B) Implicit memory C) Amnesia D) Long-term memory |
A) Flashbulb memory
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Jack read Harry Potter for the first time. The second time he reads the book he will read it faster. This is caused by what sort of memory?
A. Amnesia B. Implicit Memory C. Explicit Memory D. Hippocampus |
B. Implicit Memory
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Sam has a very fond memory of shooting his first turkey and can remember every sensation to a "T". This is known as....
A) Echoic Memory B) Flash-Bulb Memory C) Iconic Memory D) Long-term Potential |
B) Flash-Bulb Memory
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Phil is walking down the street when he catches sight of car passing by him. For that split second, which type of memory allows Phil to remember almost every aspect of the car passing it great detail.
A.) Echoic Memory B.) Long term Memory C.) Working Memory D.) Iconic Memory |
D.) Iconic Memory
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An example of implicit memory is:
a. tying your shoes b. being able to beat a video game that you used to play a lot as a kid c. throwing a ball d. All of the above |
d. All of the above
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Annie hit her head and is now experiencing amnesia. However, she remembers everything up to the accident, but does not remember any new information since. What kind of amnesia does Annie have?
A. Retrograde B. Anterograde C. Displacement |
B. Anterograde
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Paul has amnesia. He is shown the word "storage" several times. Each time he sees the new word, he claims he has not seen it before. But, when asked the first word that comes to mind when shown the letters "st" he says "storage." This clearly shows that Paul is learning but he is unaware of it because of his lack of_____?
a. explicit memory b. implicit memory c. general knowledge d. flashbulb memory |
a. explicit memory
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Hearing the word "beige", visualizing the color, and making associations with the more common word "tan" subconsciously is called what?
A. Recall B. Recognition C. Relearning D. Priming |
D. Priming
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Your friend asks you who the 14th president of the USA was. You're about to answer but can't quite get the word out. You feel as though you know the answer but can't quite seem to spit it out. You stop and think hard searching through your memory for any cues that can lead you to the answer you know is there. After some time you finally come to the conclusion. What have you just demonstrated?
A) Priming B) Memorization C) Tip of the Tongue D) Both A&C |
D) Both A&C
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While taking a multiple choice exam, the students use which of the following strategies to retrieve information from their memories:
a. Recall b. Recognition c. Relearning d. Priming |
b. Recognition
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If it is your birthday, you just found out you got an internship, you won the lottery, and are feeling like you're on cloud nine, your fantastic mood may make you recall previous great memories or times. This is an example of __________.
A. deja vu B. mood-congruent memory C. hypnosis D. memory construction |
B. mood-congruent memory
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Tricking a friend to say "stop" when talking about a green light after making them say the word "shop" is an example of...
A. Trickery B. Memory C. Priming D. Mood-congruent |
C. Priming
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You are talking to your friend about a project you did in school when you get the strange feeling that you've already been here before. What are you experiencing?
A) Deja vu B) Relearning C) Amnesia |
A) Deja vu
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Mary is walking on campus and sees one of her old Psych 110 classmates. She can't think of the classmates name at first, but quickly remembers that the classmate sat beside her and one row behind in Psych 110. She then remembers the boy who sat in front of this classmate was named Mark. Finally, Mary remembers that the classmates name is Nancy. Mary used __________ to remember the classmates name.
a. transience b. retrieval cues c. deja vu d. memory |
b. retrieval cues
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After a long, stressful day you begin walking home and see a black cat dart from underneath a car and scurry past you and become suddenly aware of having seen this exact situation before. You are experiencing:
A) Priming B) Short-term memory C) Deja vu D) Recall |
C) Deja vu
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Lisa is feeling stressed because her dog got out, and she spent the whole evening searching for it with no luck. Lisa suddenly realizes that she feels as horrible as she did that first night her parents dropped her off at college: lonely and overwhelmed. The memory that Lisa has is an example of:
a. deja vu b. priming c. state dependant memory d. mood-congruent memory |
d. mood-congruent memory
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Your taking a test and the question is multiple choice. This is testing your memory's ability to ______.
a. Deja vu b. recognize c. recall |
b. recognize
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Scenario:
You: "Hey mom, do you remember when I was little and I wrecked my bike and swallowed my tongue?!? That was crazy!" Mom: "Uh, sweetheart, that happened to your sister." A. Misinformaion Effect B. Source Amnesia C. Repress D. Interference |
B. Source Amnesia
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When people who had seen the film of a car accident were later asked a leading question, they recalled a more serious accident than they had witnessed.
A) Source Amnesia B) Memory Construction C) Repression D) Misinformation effect |
D) Misinformation effect
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Last weekend at a party you received a phone number from a friend. You didnt have your phone so you attempted to memorize it. One week later you see your new friend and they ask why you never called them. At that moment you realize you do not remember there phone number at all. What has been demonstrated?
A) Time dependency principle B) Amnesia C) Misattribution D) None of the above |
A) Time dependency principle
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If a “busy” person can’t seem to distinguish memories between recent day to day events because of multiple interruptions, they are likely suffering from which time dependency principle?
a) Displacement b) Transience c) Encoding d) Consolidation |
d) Consolidation
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When someone tries to remember the name of the street a friend lives on and knows what letter it starts with but can't come up with the street name this is called __________.
A. transience B. misattribution C. blocking D. suggestibility |
C. blocking
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You are reading new information for a class, and your mind begins to get confused because the new information differs from your previous knowledge. This is an example of...
A. Retroactive Interference B. Proactive Interference C.Amnesia D.Persistence |
B. Proactive Interference
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Laura dated a guy named Ben for many years. They broke up and she has now been dating a guy named Tom for 2 weeks. One day she accidentally calls Tom by the name of Ben. What is it that caused Laura to call her new boyfriend by her old, long-term boyfriend's name?
a. retroactive interference b. storage decay c. proactive interference d. motivated forgetting |
c. proactive interference
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Distracted by an incoming car, you briefly make a mental note of where you have parked your car in the parking lot. The next day upon walking out of the dorms you realize that for the life of you cannot remember where you parked. You are experiencing the effects of:
A) Transience B) Misattribution C) Blocking D) Absent-Mindedness |
D) Absent-Mindedness
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Jacklyn was assigned to read two short stories by the same author in preparation for a discussion the next day in her literature class. When she gets to class, Jacklyn realizes that she can only remember the first story she read. This is an example of:
a. source amnesia b. proactive interference c. retroactive interference d. repression |
b. proactive interference
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