Psychology Test 2 Chapter 4 Sensation And Perception

Front 1

The senses detect visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain.

Back 1

Sensation

Front 2

The raw sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain.

Back 2

Perception

Front 3

The conversion of physical energy to an electrochemical pattern in the neurons.
Example: Light (electromagnetic energy) into electrochemical

Back 3

Transduction

Front 4

Receptors become less sensitive to an unchanging stimulus over time.
Example: Don't notice the watch on your wrist after a while.

Back 4

Adaptation

Front 5

ANATOMY OF THE EYE
focuses the light waves into a narrow beam.

Back 5

Cornea

Front 6

Controls the amount of light that can pass through

Back 6

Iris

Front 7

Focuses the light on the retina

Back 7

Lens

Front 8

Abundant in the periphery of the retina

Back 8

Rods

Front 9

Abundant around fovea.

Back 9

Cone

Front 10

Best for low light conditions, see black/white and shades of gray

Back 10

Rods

Front 11

Best for bright light conditions

Back 11

Cones

Front 12

Allows us to detect fine detail

Back 12

cones and rods

Front 13

Three types of cones that are maximally sensitive to red, green or blue (RGB)

Back 13

The Two-Stage Color Theory

Front 14

Opponent process neurons in the thalamus (part of the visual pathway)

Back 14

The Two-Stage Color Theory

Front 15

Five Basic Taste Receptors

Back 15

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Front 16

Receptors located at the tip of the tongue.

Back 16

Sweet

Front 17

Receptors are on the front sides of the tongue.

Back 17

Sour

Front 18

Receptors are on the back sides of the tongue.

Back 18

Salty

Front 19

Receptors are on the very back of the tongue in the middle

Back 19

Bitter

Front 20

Receptors are in several areas on the tongue.

Back 20

Umami

Front 21

Gestalt Principles of Organization

We group together elements that appear similar.

Back 21

Similarity

Front 22

Gestalt Principles of Organization

We fill in any missing parts of a figure and see it as complete

Back 22

Closure

Front 23

Gestalt Principles of Organization

We group together objects that are physically close to each other.

Back 23

Proximity

Front 24

Gestalt Principles of Organizations

We tend to favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting a series of points of lines.

Back 24

Continuity

Front 25

tendency to perceive objects as the same size even when their images on the retina are growing or shrinking.

Back 25

Size Constancy

Front 26

Tendency to perceive an object as retaining its same shape even though when you view it from different angles it shape is continually changing on the retina.

Back 26

Shape Constancy

Front 27

See objects as maintaing a certain level of brightness regardless of the lighting conditions

Back 27

Brightness/Color Constancy

Front 28

based on combination of different images sent from both eyes which are in a slightly different position.

Back 28

Binocular or Retinal Disparity

Front 29

Based on signals sent from the muscles that turn the eyes

Back 29

Convergence

Front 30

Overlapping objects appear closer and objects that are occluded (hidden) appear farther away

Back 30

Interposition Monocular Cues

Front 31

Areas with less dense texture appear closer, more dense textures appear farther away.

Back 31

Texture Gradient

Front 32

Objects closest to you appear to be moving faster than those in the distance

Back 32

Motion Parallax

Front 33

The location on the basilar membrane that vibrates the most will produce the greatest amount of stimulation of the hair cells in that location.

Back 33

Place Theory

Front 34

The location of hair cell stimulation along the basilar membrane is not as important as the rate of firing in the hair cells themselves.

Back 34

Frequency Theory

Front 35

The pattern of firing, or "volley," of neural signals created in a group of hair cells that is crucial for determining pitch.

Back 35

Volley Principle

Front 36

Popular theory for pain that suggests the inhibition and excitation of particular cells in the spinal cord determine if a pain message is sent to the brain.

Back 36

Gate Control Theory