Psychology Test 2

Front 1

Myelination

Back 1

axons are covered with a layer of fat cells, which increases the speed of the information travelling through the nervous system.

Front 2

Egocentrism

Back 2

the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone elses.

Front 3

Animism

Back 3

the belief that inanimate objects have "life like" qualities and are capable of action.

Front 4

Centration

Back 4

the focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.

Front 5

Conservation

Back 5

In Piaget's theory, awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its quantitative properties.

Front 6

Developmentally appropriate practice

Back 6

education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children and the uniqueness of each child.

Front 7

Heteronomous morality

Back 7

first stage of moral development in piaget's theory, occuring from 4 to 7 years of age.

Front 8

Autonomous morality

Back 8

second stage of moral development in piaget's theory, displayed by older children .

Front 9

Gender identity

Back 9

the sense of being male or female , most children aquire by 3.

Front 10

Inclusion

Back 10

educating a child with special education needs full time in the regular classroom.

Front 11

Fuzzy trace theory

Back 11

states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations. VERBATIM MEMORY TRACE AND GIST.

Front 12

Critical thinking

Back 12

thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating the evidence.

Front 13

Metacognition

Back 13

cognition about cognition, or knowing about knowing.

Front 14

What ages are associated with early childhood?

Back 14

2-6

Front 15

Which area of the brain experiences most rapid growth during ages 3 to 6?

Back 15

prefrontal cortex

Front 16

What are the five ways many of the deaths of young children can be prevented around the world?

Back 16

reduction in poverty and improvements in nutrition, sanitation, education, and health services.

Front 17

What ability do children gain during the symbolic function substage?

Back 17

to mentally represent an object that is not present.

Front 18

Distinguish between animism and artificialism

Back 18

animism- the belief that inanimate objects have "lifelike" qualities and are capable of action.

artificialism-

Front 19

What characterizes the intuitive thoughts substage?

Back 19

occurs between 4 and 7. children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.

Front 20

Distinguish between centration and conservation.

Back 20

centration-the focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others.

conservation-awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its quantitive properties.

Front 21

What is the implication of scaffolding for teachers?

Back 21

changing the level of support. a more skilled person adjusts the amount of guidance to fit the child's current performance.

Front 22

List two of the seven teaching strategies mentioned in the text based on Vygotsky’s Theory.

Back 22

assess the child's ZPD and use more skilled peers as teachers.

Front 23

What are strategies?

Back 23

deliberate mental activities to improve the processing of information.

Front 24

What does “theory of mind” refer to?

Back 24

the awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Front 25

Describe the child-centered kindergarten.

Back 25

education that involves the whole child by considering both the child's physical, cognitive, and social development and the child's needs, interests, and learning styles.

Front 26

Briefly describe the Montessori approach.

Back 26

an educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and sponteity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire.

Front 27

List two of five popular theories addressing the way children acquire masculine and feminine attitudes and behaviors.

Back 27

social role and psychoanalytic

Front 28

List two of four parenting styles.

Back 28

authoritative and neglectful.

Front 29

What are four sources we use to select our parenting mode?

Back 29

acceptance, responsiveness, demand, and control

Front 30

List two of the many types of play.

Back 30

solarity and onlooker

Front 31

What is the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood?

Back 31

.

Front 32

What major differences among children growing up with lesbian mothers or gay fathers compared to growing up with heterosexual parents have researchers uncovered according to our text?

Back 32

there are no major differences.

Front 33

When is it better for the child psychologically for the parents to divorce, to not divorce

Back 33

when the child's personality, and temperament, gender, and custody situtation is ready.

Front 34

How does television influence children both positively and negatively?

Back 34

negative- it can make them passive learners and teaching them stereotypes.

positive-presenting motivating educational programs and increasing their information about the world beyond their immediate environment.

Front 35

List three components characterizing a learning disability.

Back 35

a minimimum IQ level

a significant difficulty in school related area

exclusion of only severe emotional disorders.

Front 36

List three characteristics of ADHD.

Back 36

inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Front 37

List two of the general teaching principles based on Piaget’s theory mentioned in Chapter 10.

Back 37

.

Front 38

List the three popular Wechsler Scales..

Back 38

preschool and primary scale of intelligence-3

scale for children 4 integrated

wechsler adult intelligence scale.

Front 39

List four of Gardner’s eight types of intelligence

Back 39

verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist

Front 40

What is the ninth type of intelligence being considered?

Back 40

.

Front 41

What is the average tallness of girls and boys at age 11?

Back 41

..

Front 42

What are 2 of 4 suggestions mentioned to get children to exercise more?

Back 42

offer more physical activity programs and improve physical fitness activities in school

Front 43

What is dyslexia?

Back 43

A category of learning disabilities involving a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell.

Front 44

What is an IEP? LRE?

Back 44

.

Front 45

Distinguish between the whole- language approach and the basic – skills - & - phonetics approach to reading instruction

Back 45

.

Front 46

What ways can children’s self-esteem be improved?

Back 46

identify the cause of low self esteem, provide emotional support, and social approval, help children achieve, help children cope.

Front 47

Distinguish between self-esteem and self-concept.

Back 47

self esteem- the global evaluative dimension of the self.

self concept-domain specific evaluations of the self.

Front 48

List the four main areas involved in emotional intelligence according to Goleman.

Back 48

developing emotional self awareness, managing emotions, reading emotions, and handling relationships

Front 49

What can we do to reduce gender stereotyping?

Back 49

androgyny

Front 50

List some strategies for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students.

Back 50

.

Front 51

List Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development.

Back 51

HETERONOMOUS
(INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTAL PURPOSE, EXCHANGE) (MUTUAL INTERPERSONAL EXPECTATIONS, RELATIONSHIPS, INTERPERSONAL CONFORMITY)

Front 52

What is a jigsaw classroom?

Back 52

students from different cultural backgrounds are placed within a cooperative group in which they have to construct different parts of a project to each a common goal.

Front 53

What factors contribute to the drop of self-esteem from elementary to middle school?

Back 53

.

Front 54

Develop some strategies for improving relationships among ethically diverse students.

Back 54

.