Psychology Test 2

Front 1

the specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system and contain three major parts- a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Back 1

Neurons

Front 2

contains the nucleus and carries out the metabolic, or life-sustaining, functions of a neuron.

Back 2

Cell Body

Front 3

Branching out from the cell body are the ________, which look much like the leafless branches of a tree, and are the primary receivers of signals from other neurons.

Back 3

Dendrites

Front 4

is the slender, tail-like extension of the neuron that transmits signals to the dendrites or cell bodies of other neurons and to muscles, glands, and other parts of the body.

Back 4

Axon

Front 5

are specialized cells in the brain and spinal cord that support the neurons, remove waste products, such as dead neurons, from the brain by engulfing and digesting them, and they handle other manufacturing, nourishing, and cleanup tasks.

Back 5

Glial Cells

Front 6

is the junction where the axon terminal of a sending neuron communicates with a recieving neuron across the synaptic cleft.

Back 6

Synapse

Front 7

fWhen at rest (not firing), the axon membrane carries a negative electrical potenital of about -70 millivolts relative to the fluid outside the cell. This slight negative charge is referred to as the neuron______

Back 7

Resting Potential

Front 8

This sudden reversal of the resting potential, which initiates the firing of a neuron and lasts for about 1millisecond, is the action potential.

Back 8

Action Potential

Front 9

a white, fatty coating wrapped around some axons that acts as insulation and enables impulses to travel much faster.

Back 9

Myelin Sheath

Front 10

is a chemical substance that is released into the synaptic cleft from the axon terminal of sending neuron, crosses a synapse, and binds to appropriate receptor sites on the dendrites or cell body of a receiving neuron, influencing the cell either to fire or not to fire.

Back 10

neurotransmitter

Front 11

Which are protein molecules on the surfaces of dendrites and cell bodies that have distinctive shapes and will interact only with specific neurotransmitters.

Back 11

Receptors

Front 12

the neurotransmitter is taken from the synaptic cleft back into the axon terminal, thus terminating their excitatory or inhibitory effect on the receiving neuron.

Back 12

Reuptake

Front 13

a neurontransmitter that exerts excitatory effects on the skeletal muscles fibers, causing them to contract so that the body can move and has an inhibitory effect on the muscle fibers in the heart, which keeps the heart from beating too rapidly.

Back 13

Acetylcholine

Front 14

one of four neurotransmitters called monoamines, produces both excitatory and inhibitory effects and is involved in several functions, including learning, attention, movement, and reinforcement.

Back 14

Dopamine

Front 15

has an effect on eating habits and plays a major role in alertness and wakefulness

Back 15

Norepinephrine

Front 16

_______ complements norepinephrine by affecting metabolism of glucose and causing the nutrient energy stored in muscles to be released during strenuous excercise.

Back 16

Epinephrine

Front 17

______ plays an important role in regulating mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, and appetite.

Back 17

Serotonin