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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elaborate on the background of Sigmund Freud
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-Frued was an Austrian psychologist who became fascinated while studying hysteria [Hystera is the Greek word for uterus]
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What are the major blows that Frued saw that humans took to their self esteem
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1. The earth was not the center of the universe (Copernicus)
2. {This is WRONG} Humans aren't the product of special creation but are the product of lower animals. (Charles Darwin) 3. Human behavior is primarily instinctive, and is motivated by unconscious processes. |
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What is the definition of personality according to Freud?
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Our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
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What things influenced personality according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
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1. Childhood sexuality
2. Unconscious motivations |
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What is the "unconscious" ?
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Large below the surface area which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are unaware.
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What is "free association" ?
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the patient is asked to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.
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Talk about Freud and cocaine.
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Frued took cocaine and found that it relieved stress and increased his ability to concentrate. He became impressed with the drug, and gave it to his family, wrote a paper about it, and talked about it as a harmless drug useful to get people off of being addicted to morphine. The medical profession began to condemn cocaine, and Frued's reputation suffered greatly.
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Joseph Breuer and the case of Anna O
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Anna was diagnosed with hysteria, but Breuer found that Anna was able to discuss her various symptoms while hypnotized or relaxed. Most of her symptoms were developed when she was helping her dying father. Anna began to transfer the feelings that she had for her father to Breuer.
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Transference
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Where a patient responds to the analyst as if he/she were an important person in their life.
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Countertransference
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Where the analyst begins to develop feelings for the patient.
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What did Frued think caused hysteria?
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Sexual conflicts
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What are the characteristics of instinct
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1. A source (bodily deficiency of some sort)
2. An aim (want to eliminate deficiency) 3. An object (experience / thing that removes the deficiency) 4. The impetus (determined by the magnitude of the bodily deficiency) |
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Life and Death instincts according to Frued:
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-Eros: life instincts (all instincts associated with the preservation of life)
-Libido: desire for sexual activity -Thanatos: the death instinct that stimulates a person to die so that there will no longer be a struggle to satisfy biological needs. (The aim of all life is death) -Aggression. |
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Basic Concepts of Psychoanalytic Approach
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We are motivates to satisfy instinctual needs
Unconscious conflicts are kept from awareness Past events shape subsequent behavior |
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What is "Conscious Mind"
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Like the top of an iceburg, only a small portion of our mind is accessible to us. The conscious mind is what you are aware of at any particular moment.
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What is "Preconscious Mind"
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Material that is unconscious, but can be easily brought into awareness.
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What is "Unconscious Mind"
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Material which is completely outside of our awareness, and could produce anxiety if made conscious. I.e. memories and emotions associated with drama.
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What are the divisions of the mind according to Freud?
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1. Id
2. Ego 3. Super Ego |
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Elaborate on "Id"
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It's pure instinctual energy that exists completely on the unconscious level. It demands immediate gratification of bodily needs and is governed by pleasure principle.
Id has 2 means of satisfying bodily needs: reflex action (responds automatically to a source of irritation)and wishful fulfillment (the conjuring of an image of an event that is capable of satisfying a biological need) |
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Elaborate on "Ego"
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Tries to satisfy impulses while minimizing punishment and guilt
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Elaborate on "Superego"
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the “moral” center of our personality which tells us right from wrong (somewhat conscious). Develops from patterns of reward and punishment.
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Divisions of Superego
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Conscience: the internalized experiences for which the child has been consistently punished.
Ego ideal:the internalized experiences for which the child was consistently rewarded |
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What is birth trauma?
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The most overwhelming experience of anxiety occurs when we are separated from our mother at birth.
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What is Anxiety?
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the general feeling of impending danger.
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Neurotic Anxiety
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the fear of being overwhelmed by impulses from the id.
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Moral Anxiety
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the fear that the person will do something contrary to the superego and thus experience guilt
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What is repression?
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The suppression of unpleasant thoughts. We push unpleasant thoughts into the unconscious so that we can't access them
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What is denial of reality?
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Involves denial of some fact in one's life despite abundant evidence for its reality
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What is rationalization?
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A person rationally explains or justifies behaviors or thoughts that otherwise be anxiety provoking
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What is displacement?
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the substitution of one need satisfies the other
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What is identification?
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The tendency to increase personal feelings of worth by affiliating oneself psychologically with a person, group or institution perceived as famous.
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What is projection?
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You attribute your negative characteristics to another person
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What is reaction formation?
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Objectionable thoughts are repressed and their opposites expressed. Acting the opposite of how you feel.
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What is undoing?
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Involves "magical" gestures or rituals that are meant to cancel out unpleasant thoughts or feelings after they've already occurred. A person is attempting to magically undo one act with another.
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What is intellectualization?
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The minimization of the negative emotions associated with an event by a detached, logical analysis of the event.
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What is regression?
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Returning to an earlier state of development when stress is encountered.
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What is alturistic surrender?
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a person internalizes the values of another person and lives his/her life in accordance with those values.
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What is identification with the aggressor?
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a person internalizes the values and mannerisms of a feared person, thereby reducing him/her as a threat.
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What are the psychosexual stages of development?
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1. Oral
2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency 5. Genital |
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Elaborate on Oral Stage
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(birth - 1 yr) - needs to be gratified orally (sucking, chewing, biting). The focus of pleasure is the mouth
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Elaborate on Anal Stage
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(2yr) - needs met through elimination of waste, either retaining or expelling feces. The focus of pleasure is the anus.
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Elaborate on Phallic Stage
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(3-5 yrs) needs met through genital (self) stimulation. The focus of pleasure is genitalia.
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Elaborate on Latency
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(6-12 yrs) - Sexual impulse is suppressed in the service of learning.
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Elaborate on Genital
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(13+ yrs) - needs met through intercourse.
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What are the 2 complexes that develop during the phallic stage
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1. Oedipus complex
2. Electra complex |
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Elaborate on Oedipus complex
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-both male and female children develop strong, positive feelings toward the mother because she satisfies their needs.
-both male and female children develop erotic feelings toward their mother. These feelings persist in the boy but typically change in the girl. |
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Elaborate on Electra Complex
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Female children start life with a strong attraction to the mothers. This attraction is reduced when the girl discovers she does not possesses a penis
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Freud on feminine psychology
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Freud thought that women were inferior to men because society oppresses them.
-anatomy is destiny -women are morally inferior to men. |
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What are Freudian slips?
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( slips of the tongue) reveal unconscious motives
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Criticisms of Freud's theory
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1. Freud had no scientific data to support his theories
2. Freud's theories can't be observed. 3. Observations not representative of population |
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Jung's Libido definition
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general biological life energy that is concentrated on different problems as they arise. Libido is a creative life force that could be applied to the continuous psychological growth of the person.
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Jung's components of personality
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1. Conscious ego
2. Personal unconscious |
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Elaborate on Conscious ego
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sense of self/ everything of which we are conscious. It is concerned with thinking/feeling/remembering and perceiving.
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Elaborate on Personal Unconscious
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Thoughts & feeling not part of conscious awareness-past and future material-compensates or balances conscious attitude and ideas. Material that was once conscious but was repressed or forgotten, or was not vivid enough to make a conscious impression at first.
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Complex definition
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A personally disturbing constellation of ideas connected by common-feeling tone.
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Word-Association Test
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Test given in order to study complexes
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Archetypes
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emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.
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Mandala
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(“magic circle”), an image symbolizing the unity of life. The self is perceived as the center of the circle
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Mother archetype
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We come into this world ready to want mother, to seek her, to recognize her, to deal with her.
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Persona archetype
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The persona archetype develops because of human’s need to play a role in society.
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Anima
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the female component of the male psyche ( that results from the experiences men have had with women).
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Animus
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the masculine component of the female psychic
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Shadow
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the darkest, deepest part of the psyche. It is part of the collective unconscious that we inherit from our ancestors and contains all the animal instincts.
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Self
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the component of the psyche that attempts to harmonize all the other components
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Introversion
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what is primary is the inner life. focused inward; the person is cautious, shy, timid, reflective.
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Extroversion
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what is primary is the external world.focused outward; the person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, energetic.
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birth-adolescence
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Libidinal energy is expended on learning how to walk/talk and other skills necessary for survival.
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Young Adulthood
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libidinal energy is directed toward learning a vocation, getting married, having children and relating to community life
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Middle Age
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The individual is now more cultural, philosophical and has spiritual values. The person is more concerned with life meaning. Religion becomes important. Every person possesses a spiritual need that must be satisfied.
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Life's Goal
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to achieve self-actualization, or a harmonious blending of the many components and forces within the psyche.
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Synchronicity
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the occurrence of two events that are not linked causally, nor linked teleologically, yet are meaningfully related.
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Adler's Theory
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Humans are...
future oriented free to determine fate concerned with meaning of life. |
