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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology |
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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Cognitive psychology |
How thoughts and perceptions influence our behavior |
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Sociocultural |
Behavior and thinking are influenced by the situation and our culture |
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The scientific method |
Gathers information and answers questions in a systematic, unbiased way |
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Falsifiable |
Can be supported or refuted by subsequent studies |
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Critical thinking |
Thinking that does not blindly accept conclusions but examines info and evaluates evidence |
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Descriptive methods |
Observe and record behavior |
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Case study |
An in-depth analysis of an individual or a small group |
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Laboratory observation |
Observe behavior in laboratory |
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Hawthorn effect |
People alter their behavior when they know they are being observed |
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Naturalistic observation |
Researcher observes behavior where it happens and tries not to interfere with what they're doing |
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Survey |
Uses self reports to obtain info about people's attitudes and behaviors |
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Population |
Entire group from which you want to gather info |
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Sample |
A portion of the population |
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Random sample |
Every person in the population has an equal chance of participating |
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Volunteer bias |
People who fill out surveys are inherently different to those who don't |
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Testing method |
Measures traits or characteristics |
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Reliability |
Test gives consistent results |
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Validity |
Test measures what it is designed to measure |
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Correlation |
The extent to which two factors vary together and thus predict one another |
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Correlation coefficient |
Mathematical expression of the relationship between two factors |
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Positive correlation |
2 factors move in the same direction |
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Negative correlation |
2 factors move in the opposite direction |
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Illusory correlation |
Perception of a relationship where none exists |
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Mode |
Most frequently occurring score |
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Median |
Middle |
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Mean |
Average |
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Range |
Difference between highest and lowest score |
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Null hypothesis |
The assumption you begin with the opposite of what you're testing |
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Alternative hypothesis |
The claim you're testing |
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Type 1 error |
False positive Saying it does but it actually doesn't |
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Type 2 error |
False negative Saying it doesn't but it does |
