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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What's the definition of the term Sex? |
A biological term that tells us whether the individual is male or female |
A _______ term..... |
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What's the definition of the term Gender? |
A psychological term that tells us whether the individual is masculine, feminine or androgynous |
A _______ term... |
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What's the definition of the term Masculinity? |
A gender term associated with male traits/ roles |
A gender term... |
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What's the definition of the term Femininity? |
A gender term associated with female traits/roles |
A gender term... |
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What's the definition of the term Androgyny? |
A type of gender where an individual shows high levels of both masculine and feminine traits |
High levels of both... |
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When does the Biological Approach suggest that an individual's gender is decided? |
At conception |
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What's the role of Chromosomes? |
A pair of chromosomes decides whether a foetus will be male or female |
Decides whether a foetus will be... |
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What's the Chromosome pair associated with Females? |
XX |
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What's the Chromosome pair associated with Males? |
XY |
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What are Gonads? |
Sexual Organs |
E.g~ Ovaries & Testes |
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When do the chromosomes have an effect on the Development of the Gonads? |
6 weeks |
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What's the name of the Male Hormone? |
Testosterone |
Sounds like Testes |
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What's the name of the Female Hormone? |
Oestrogen |
Sounds like ovaries |
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How can Evolution explain sex differences in human behaviour? |
-Females are naturally more caring and sensitive as they carry and then raise the young. They need to be better equipped to deal with needy babies -Males are more aggressive and competitive because they have to fight for resources to provide for their partner and children. |
Qualities? Roles? |
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What are the Three Criticisms of the Biological Approach? |
-The Biological Approach ignores the idea that gender roles are learnt -If all men are biologically similar and all women are biologically similar, why do the two sexes show such a range of behaviours? -Biology is relatively fixed, yet gender roles can change |
Learnt Range of Behaviour Culture |
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What's meant by the Oedipus Complex? |
A conflict that occurs when boys unconsciously desire their mother but fear their father finding out |
Boys ---> Mother |
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What's meant by the Electra Complex? |
A conflict that occurs when girls unconsciously desire their father but fear losing their mother's love |
Girls ---> Father |
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What's Castration Anxiety? |
Boys are afraid their fathers will find out about their desire for their mother and cut off their penis |
They hide their penis... |
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What's Penis Envy? |
Girls desire their father because they desire a penis |
Dream of being in a big tower... |
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How does the Psychodynamic Approach explain Gender Development? |
In order to solve both the Oedipus and Electra Complex, girls and boys identify with their same sex parent and develop either a feminine or masculine identity |
Identifying... |
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What's the Procedure of Diamond & Sigmundson's study? |
-It was a case study -An 8 month old boy, Bruce, had a routine circumcision and accidentally had his penis burnt off -Dr. Money recommended that Bruce's parents should raise him as a girl -Bruce's parents agreed and at 17 months, his testes were removed and his name was changed to Brenda -He was given a doll to play with and they dressed him in feminine clothes -Brenda and her brother were frequently interviewed and observed |
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What are the Results of Diamond & Sigmundson's study? |
-Money reported that Brenda adapted to her new gender role well -However, when Brenda reached puberty she started to develop a masculine identity -She preferred more masculine activities and wanted to 'hang out' with her brother -At 13, Brenda's parents told her the truth -Brenda was relieved and decided to live the rest of her life as a man |
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What was the Conclusion of Diamond & Sigmundson's study? |
Gender is more of a product of nature rather than nurture |
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What are the Three Methodological Limitations of the study? |
-Case studies rely on small samples, so it's hard to generalise to the rest of the population -Case studies are based on naturally occurring situations so it's impossible to control key variables -Case studies are thorough investigations, so researchers may become too involved in what they're studying and might become objective |
-Too small -Key variables -Thorough |
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What Real Life Situations can research into Sex & Gender be Applied? |
Education |
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What's meant by the term Gender Gap? |
The gap between male and female achievement |
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Who's achieving higher in Schools? |
Females |
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What are Boys naturally better at in school? |
Maths, PE and Geography |
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What are Girls naturally better at in school? |
English and Languages |
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What's Positive Discrimination? |
Treating boys and girls differently in schools to try and close the gender gap |
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How can positive discrimination be used with Girls in schools? |
Female students may need more instructions for map reading skills in Geography and more assistance in problem solving for Maths |
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How can positive discrimination be used with Boys in schools? |
Male students may need more help with their literacy and reading skills |
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