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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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The scientific study of human and animal behavior.
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Applied Psychologist
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Those who make direct use of the findings of research psychologists; deal directly with clients.
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Research/ Basic Psychologist
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Those who study the origin, cause, or results of certain behaviors.
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Neurobiological Approach
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Viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology. Chemical and hormone changes.
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Behavior Approach
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Viewing behavior as the product of learning and associations. Enviornment, rewards, punishments.
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Humanistic Approach
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Believing that people are basically good and capable of helping themselves. Anti-Freud.
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Psychoanalytic Approach
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A system of viewing the individual as he product of unconscious forces. Freud. Negative. Sexual and agressive impluses.
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Cognitive Approach
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Emphasiing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics. Sentences.
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Sociocultural Apprach
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Behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific soial groups or cultures.
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Eclecticism
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The process of making your own system by borrowingfrom two or more other systems.
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Father of Psych, thought he could break down the human mind, had people use introspection in his research, learned the human mind is very complex.
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Sigmund Freud
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How personality develops, unconscious conlicts, early childhood.
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John B. Watson
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Associated with behaviorism b/c he empasised on learning, believed what we feel and do depends on connections we hav made, careful parenting.
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B. F. Skinner
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Focused only on wha could be seen, we are mechanically controlled by the enviornment, thought psychology was moving away from the study of observable behavior.
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Occupations in Psychology
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Clinical/ counseling, educational psych, child psych, indusrial/ consumer psych, engineering psych, experimental psych, teaching
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Independent Variable
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The factor that the experimenter manipulates or changes in a study.
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Dependent Variable
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The factor in a study that changes or varies as a result of changes in the indepedent variable.
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Hypothesis
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A statement of the results that the experimenter expects.
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Placebo
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A "medicine" that has no active ingredient and works by the power of suggestion.
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Labratory Experiment
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Objectivity and ability for researcher to control variables are strength. Artificial setting and subject reactions may be weaknesses.
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Field/ Naturalistic Observation
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Setting is realistic and subjects may act in a more normal fashion. Researcher usually can't interfere with subjects or control variables.
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Survey/ Interview
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Getting quick, detailed, and personal informaion is a strengh. Hard to generalize findings to entire pop. Honesty of subjects and fatigue are weaknesses.
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Case Study
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Thorough/ detailed background checks about person are a plus. Researcher bias is a danger.
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Longitudinal Studies
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Great for getting completedevelopmental picutre of a person over a long period of time. Expensive and time consuming.
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Cross Sectional Study
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Quicker look at hehavioral similarities or differences among different groups of people. Can't be applied to development over time.
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Experimental Group
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The group on which the critical part of the experiment is performed.
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Control Group
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THe group that does not participate in the critical part of the experiment.
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Ethical Principles
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1. Subjecs can decline. 2. Openness and honesty are essential to experimentation. 3. Info obtained is confidential. 4. Assess and inform participant of any risks.
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Fissure
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Lengthy dpression marking off an area of the brain.
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Hemisphere
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One-half of the two halves of the brain; controls opposite side of the body.
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