Psychology-Salinas Exam 2

Front 1

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 1

Anything not in cased in the bone

Front 2

Somatic

Back 2

Voluntary

Front 3

Afferent Nerves

Back 3

Sensory nerves coming in

Front 4

Efferent

Back 4

Issuing commands going out

Front 5

Autonomic

Back 5

Involuntary. Controls things we can't with free will like heartbeat or blushing

Front 6

Sympathetic

Back 6

Fight or Flight; when it activates, organs or tissues it prepares them to use or expend a lot of energy

Front 7

Parasympathetic

Back 7

Rest and Recuperation; helps organs and tissues store energy up for later use

Front 8

Central Nervous System

Back 8

If it's incased in a bone

Front 9

Spinal Cord

Back 9

conduct nerve impulses from afferent nerves to brain and conduct efferent impulses

Front 10

Interneurons

Back 10

special class of nerve cells in CNS that don't necessarily communicate with the brain

Front 11

Brain

Back 11

Organ responsible for guiding and controlling behavior by processing sensory information, storing information about past experiences, and executing actions baed on those processed sensations and/or memories

Front 12

Ventricles

Back 12

system of interconnected fluid-filled chambers in the brain that are contiguous with the central canal of the spinal cord. Enlargement indicates a disorder

Front 13

Hemisphere

Back 13

Right is emotional math music and synthetic processing (whole), Left is analytical, language comprehension, (breakdown)

Front 14

Hindbrain

Back 14

structures with involuntary functions that maintain general physiological functions of the body

Front 15

Medulla

Back 15

controls autonomic functions like heart rate, blood pressure, arousal. Manipulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Front 16

Pons

Back 16

input and output fiber pathway connecting the brain and cerebellum

Front 17

Cerebellum

Back 17

half nerve cells of the brain, fine tunes motor signals generated by higher motor centers

Front 18

Midbrain

Back 18

structures control functions more complex, linked to awareness of the world around us

Colliculi, Per. Gray, Sust Nigra, Ret Activating

Front 19

Colliculi

Back 19

process visual and auditory information (involuntary targeting of eyes and environment sound)

Front 20

Periqueductal Gray

Back 20

helps process information regarding pain

Front 21

Sustantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental areas

Back 21

produce neurotransmitters for forebrain circuits which are involuntary movements, pleasure, reward, and attention

Front 22

Reticular Activating System

Back 22

group of interconnected structures which extend from hindbrain to midbrain and make contact with forebrain to alert it to significant stimuli

Front 23

Forebrain

Back 23

most highly developed part of mammalian brain

Hypothal, Thal, Limbic, Cerebrum/Cortex, Endocrine

Front 24

Hypothalamus

Back 24

seat of emotional behaviors and basic functions like hunger and thirst, stress. controls release of hormones from pituitary gland

Front 25

Thalamus

Back 25

gating of incoming and outgoing sensory information (except smell) like a switchboard

Front 26

Pons

Back 26

input and output fiber pathway connecting the brain and cerebellum

Front 27

Cerebellum

Back 27

half nerve cells of the brain, fine tunes motor signals generated by higher motor centers

Front 28

Midbrain

Back 28

structures control functions more complex, linked to awareness of the world around us

Colliculi, Per. Gray, Sust Nigra, Ret Activating

Front 29

Colliculi

Back 29

process visual and auditory information (involuntary targeting of eyes and environment sound)

Front 30

Periqueductal Gray

Back 30

helps process information regarding pain

Front 31

Sustantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental areas

Back 31

produce neurotransmitters for forebrain circuits which are involuntary movements, pleasure, reward, and attention

Front 32

Reticular Activating System

Back 32

group of interconnected structures which extend from hindbrain to midbrain and make contact with forebrain to alert it to significant stimuli

Front 33

Forebrain

Back 33

most highly developed part of mammalian brain

Hypothal, Thal, Limbic, Cerebrum/Cortex, Endocrine

Front 34

Hypothalamus

Back 34

seat of emotional behaviors and basic functions like hunger and thirst, stress. controls release of hormones from pituitary gland

Front 35

Thalamus

Back 35

gating of incoming and outgoing sensory information (except smell) like a switchboard

Front 36

Limbic System

Back 36

group of various specialized structures with different functions including memory, planning, emotion, reinforcement and attention. allows us to compare internal physiological and psychological states with conditions in external environment.

Front 37

Cerebrum Cortex

Back 37

most of the forebrain, outermost part is cortex. sight of most extensive and complex sensory processing.

Front 38

Gyri and Sulci

Back 38

Ridges and grooves on the Cerebrum that allow for greater surface area

Front 39

Occipital Lobe

Back 39

processes visual information

Front 40

Parietal Lobe

Back 40

processes somatosensory (cold, touch, heat, pain) information

Front 41

Lateral Temporal Lobe

Back 41

processes auditory and language

Front 42

Medial Temporal

Back 42

memory functions

Front 43

Sensory Systems

Back 43

All of senses except smell go to thalamus and are sent off to sensory cortexes of different levels and converge in parietal lobe

Front 44

Motor System

Back 44

premotor cortex and supplemental motor area are involved in planning of voluntary motor movements

Front 45

Limbic System

Back 45

temporal lobes, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex.

Front 46

Hippocampus

Back 46

transfers info from short term to long term memory

Front 47

Amygdala

Back 47

adds emotional impact and significance to facts and events

Front 48

Hippocampus

Back 48

connected to mammillary bodies which allow memories to activate and be activated by internal states such as hunger, anger, fear

Front 49

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 49

receives signals from hippocampus, amygdala, hippocampus to influence motor system to initiate specific behavior

Front 50

Limbic/Endocrine Interaction

Back 50

Limbic system (psychological state) can influence hypothalamus, then the pituitary gland. AKA body's response to stress. Psychological state can influence physiological condition.

Front 51

Glia

Back 51

majority of cells in nervous systetm, support cells for neurons

Front 52

Schwann cells

Back 52

myelin producing cells of PNS.

Front 53

Oligodendrocytes

Back 53

Myelin producing cells of CNS. Star shaped.

Front 54

Astrocytes

Back 54

General housekeepers, environmental engineers, and nurses of CNS. Maintain stability and buffer chemical content around neurons. Form scar tissue, clear away cellular debris

Front 55

Microglia

Back 55

Immune system cells of CNS

Front 56

Neurons

Back 56

nerve cells highly specialized for the maintenance of a slight electrical charge across their membranes, intercellular communication, processing electrochemical signals, and storing information

Front 57

Dendrite

Back 57

input side of a neuron. branched out

Front 58

Soma

Back 58

neuronal cell body, the site of its nucleus, organelles, and protein manufacturing

Front 59

Axon

Back 59

output side of a neuron. only one exits soma, can subdivide and branch out

Front 60

Terminal Button

Back 60

tip of axon which makes contact with dendrite of next neuron and enables electrochemical communication

Front 61

what are the signs of hypervolaemia? (7)

Back 61

oedema
raised JVP
hepatomegaly
ascites
pulmonary oedema
pleural effusion
weight gain