Psychology Review For Chapter 1-3 Of Pscycology Themes & Variations

Front 1

Psychology (def)

Back 1

the scientific study of behavior

Hint 1

study

Front 2

steps of conducting a scientific study

Back 2

1. formulate a testable hypothesis
2. Select the research method and design the study
3.Choose subjects and collect data (do the study)(collect the data)
4.analyze the data and draw conclusions
5.report the findings (to other researchers who can repeat the study and verify the findings)

Hint 2

think scientific method

Front 3

hypothesis (def)

Back 3

a predicted relationship between 2 variables

Front 4

variable (def)

Back 4

any characteristic that can take on different numerical values in different cases and/or at different times

Front 5

Operational Definition (def)

Back 5

specific procedure used to measure a variable numericaly

Front 6

two possible types of reasearch methods

Back 6

1. experimental method
2. correlational method

Front 7

experimental method (def)

Back 7

used to test hypothesis in which one variable is identified as the CAUSE and the other is the EFFECT

Hint 7

C A E

Front 8

Correlational (descriptive) method (def)

Back 8

used to determine the degree to which 2 variables are related without identifying cause and effect

Hint 8

crappy

Front 9

population (def)(

Back 9

that group to whom the conculsion of the study will apply

Hint 9

like kent state tucs students

Front 10

sample (def)

Back 10

is a subset (portion) of the population, those individuals who participate in the study

Front 11

subject (def)

Back 11

an individual member of the sample (participant)

Front 12

data (def)

Back 12

numerical measurments of variables

Front 13

conclusion (def)

Back 13

generalization about the ENTIRE POPULATION

Front 14

journal (def)

Back 14

a scholarly periodical that publishes scientific studies in a narrow specialization

Hint 14

scholarly

Front 15

indepenent variable (def) (IV)

Back 15

the hypothesized cause; the vaiable that is manipulated

Hint 15

beer consumption

Front 16

dependent variable (def)

Back 16

the hypothesized effect; the variable that is measured

Hint 16

grades

Front 17

control group (def)

Back 17

recieves zero amount of the Independent Variable; a baseline standard for comparison

Front 18

experimental group (def)

Back 18

recieves a specific non-zero amount of the independent variable

Front 19

data (def more specific)

Back 19

numerical measues of the dependent variable

Front 20

why don't people usually do the correlation method

Back 20

because is cannot prove a direct relationship but sometimes it must be done as to not be unethical

Front 21

naturalistic observation

Back 21

the behavior of subjects is observed in their natural environment, with or without the subjects awarness

Front 22

survey

Back 22

a pre-determined set of questions used to measure 2 variables

Front 23

why is thier more than 2 questions on a survey?

Back 23

to distract the participant from the true meaning of the survey

Front 24

correlation (def)

Back 24

is a mathematical method for determining the degree of realtionship between 2 variables (x&y)

Front 25

Correlation coeficient (r) (def)

Back 25

a single number that summarizes all the measurments of x and all the measurements of y in a particular sample; will always fall between -1 and +1

Front 26

what does a - correlation mean

Back 26

x goes up while y goes down

Front 27

what does a + correlation mean

Back 27

x goes up while y goes up

Front 28

what does a 0 correlation mean

Back 28

no correlation at all

Front 29

what is an apropriate conculsion in a corelation method

Back 29

x an y are realted some how but not nessacarily directly they could be realted by z

Front 30

nervous (def)

Back 30

having to do with nerves

Front 31

nerve (def)

Back 31

body tissue that is specialized for carrying informtion comprossed of nerve cells

Front 32

nurons (def)

Back 32

basic building block of a nervous system

Front 33

biopschology (physiologiacal psyhology) (def)

Back 33

the study of the relationship between psysiology and behavior

Front 34

2 divisions of the human nervous sytem

Back 34

1. central nervous sytem
2. peripheral nervous system

Front 35

Central nervous system (def) (CNS)

Back 35

is all of the neurons of the brain and all of the neurons of the spinal cord (interneurons)

Front 36

peripheral nervous system (PNS) (def)

Back 36

consists of 2 types of neurons sensory neurons and motor neurons

Front 37

sensory neurons (def)

Back 37

carry info abou tht eexternal environment toward the central nervous system

Front 38

motor neurons (def)

Back 38

carry info away form the central nervous system toward the part of the body (usually a muscle) that is to move

Front 39

steps of motion

Back 39

1. sensory neurons
2. interneurons
3. motor neurons

Front 40

why does the brain grow during childhood

Back 40

1.neurons increase in size (but they dacrease in number)
2.many interneurons (and many sensory and motor neurons) gradually develop a fatty insolation (myelin)

Front 41

myelin (def)

Back 41

fatty tissue that covers the axon and increases nerve impluses to 20 times faster than without myelin

Front 42

soma (cell body) (def)

Back 42

the main part

Front 43

dendrites (def)

Back 43

like split hairs that carry information toward the cell body (soma)

Front 44

axon (def)

Back 44

long fiber that carrys info away form the soma (away with axon)

Front 45

collaterals

Back 45

innitial split of the axon

Front 46

terminal button (def)

Back 46

located at the end of the axon

Front 47

axon hilluck (def)

Back 47

junction between the axon and the soma

Front 48

why does info travel faster with myelin?

Back 48

because the information doesn't need to cross the axon as many times

Front 49

nerve impluse (def)

Back 49

a sinle "jolt" of electricity that goes the length of the axon hillock to the end of the termial buttons

Front 50

synapse (def)

Back 50

a juction between 2 neurons typically a junction between a between a terminal button of a "sender" neuron and a dendrite of a "reciever" neuron

Front 51

Presynaptic membrane (def)

Back 51

the membrane that covers the termianl button (before the synaptic cleff)

Front 52

Synaptic cleff (def)

Back 52

the space between the terminal button and the dendrite

Front 53

postsynaptic membrane (def)

Back 53

the membrane that covers the dendrite (after the synaptic cleff)

Front 54

vesical (def)

Back 54

small bubble looking things that are inside of the terminal button

Front 55

psychology of sensation (def)

Back 55

the study of how the sense organs function

Front 56

psychology of perception (def)

Back 56

the study of how the brain interprets information form the sense organ

Hint 56

your sensation is light form the bord but you percieving words

Front 57

psychology of consciousness (def)

Back 57

the study of phsiological arousal; the study of psychological awarness of both external and internal stimulation

Front 58

psychology of memory (def)

Back 58

the study of how information is retained over time (memory and learning aren't the same)

Front 59

psychology of personality (def)

Back 59

the study of individual differences in behavior