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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are questionnaires? |
Sets of questions that are usually completed as pen and paper tests, but can also be done over the internet or telephone |
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What is an advantage of questionnaires? |
They enable a great deal of data to be gathered from a large sample very quickly, making this a cost - and time-effective method of data collection. |
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What is a disadvantage of questionnaires?
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It may be difficult to ask the right questions and researchers must just language that participants understand |
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What is a structured interview? |
Where the same set of questions is asked to each participant in the same order. |
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How are structured interviews mostly conducted and why?
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Researches will not show any expression or interest, in case the answers are influenced. |
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What is an advantage of a structured interview? |
Data can be compared more easily and the study is more reliable because it can be easily repeated |
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What is a disadvantage of a structured interview? |
It is more artificial and the respondent may not feel free to add to or explain their answers. This means the data gathered is more limited. |
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What is an unstructured interview?
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Where the researcher has topics to discuss, but these don't have to be in the same order and is more like a conversation. If the participant says something interesting the experimenter may choose to explore that more |
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What are the advantages of an unstructured interview? |
A lot of detailed information can be gathered using this method, higher in ecological validity because it is more like a conversation. |
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What are the disadvantages of an unstructured interview? |
Has less reliability because it is harder to replicate,can be difficult to summarize all the data that has been collected |
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What is a semi-structured interview? |
An interview where the interviewer has set questions, but can ask for clarification and can be more friendly and sociable. |
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What are the advantages of a semi-structured interview? |
The interaction is more likely to be seen by participants as more trustworthy which could lead to valid answers whilst still remaining true to the hypothesis or aim |
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What is an open question? |
A question that allows the participant the freedom to respond and give them the opportunity to explain their answers. |
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What type of data does an open question provide? |
Qualitative data |
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What is an advantage of using open-questions? |
More validity as respondents aren't forced to respond in a particular way |
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What is a disadvantage of using open-questions? |
Harder to analyse and compare responses to open questions, as the data needs to be coded or quantified in some way to do this and this may not be easy |
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What are closed questions? |
A question that forces the respondents into a limited range of responses to choose from |
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What is an advantage of using closed questions? |
Data can be easily summarised, presented and compared
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What is a disadvantage of using closed questions? |
The researcher is gathering a limited amount of data as such important information may be missed. Respondents may feel frustrated or constrained. |
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What type of data does a closed question provide? |
Quantitative |
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What three types of rating scales are there? |
Rating scales, likert scales, a semantic differential scale |
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What are rating scales? |
A quantitative measure where respondents rate their opinion or feelings on a scale of numbers |
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What is a likert scale? |
Where people are given a range of answers from which they elect the one that represents the extent to which they like/dislike or agree/disagree with something |
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What is a semantic differential scale? |
A method of putting something a scale between two descriptive words such as strong and weak |
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What limitations exist when using rating scales? |
Can't produce qualitative data and numbers can be subjective |
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What limitations and advantages exist when using likert scales? |
Subjective, however can be more ecological valid and quantitative data can be produced by assigning a number to each answer. |
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What limitations exist when using a semantic differential scale? |
Participants have to have a reasonable vocabulary, children would find it difficult if it is not simplified enough |
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What advantages are there to using self-report methods? |
Psychologists are able to measure cognitive variables |
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What disadvantages are there to using self-report methods? |
May be lower in validity if participants are able to falsify their answers |
