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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychology (definition)
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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structuralism
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early school of psychology that attempted to identify structures of the human mind
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Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt
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German philosopher; established first laboratory for study of psychology in 1879, applying scientific method; introspection
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Edward Bradford Titchener
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British; studied under Wundt; known for structuralism; introspection
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William James
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American; functionalism
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Charles Darwin
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British; published "On the Origin of Species" outlining natural selection
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natural selection
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evolutionary process that favors organisms' traits or characteristics best adapted to reproduce and survive
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behavioral approach
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focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness
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biological approach
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examines behavior and mental processes through focus on the body, especially brain and nervous system
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psychodynamic approach
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emphasizes unconscious thought, conflict between biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences
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science (in psychology)
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use of systematic methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behavior
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behavior
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everything we do that can be directly observed
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humanistic approach
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emphasizes person's positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, and freedom to choose any destiny
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cognitive approach
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focuses on mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, solve problems
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evolutionary approach
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uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as basis for explaining specific human behaviors
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sociocultural approach
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examines ways social and cultural environments influence behavior
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