Psychology Of The Individual Final Exam

Front 1

what is "seeping and leaking" as it pertains to personality and behavior?

Back 1

the way our personality spills over into our everyday lifes.

Does so through examples:
Dress
walking and reading
car brakes
automobile choices

Front 2

What are the 6 determinants of behavior?

Back 2

situations

social presence of others (public vs. private behaviors

habits

arousal and mood

self-presentation/self-expression

Front 3

Which Big 5 traits can be detected from "snooping"?

Back 3

openness

Conscientiousness

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

in some cases Narcissism (when viewing a picture of someone)

Front 4

what is self-presentation?

Back 4

any behavior that intends to convey some message about oneself to others

Front 5

What function does self-presentation serve?

Back 5

social acceptance

self-protection

self-enchancement

confirmation of identity

Front 6

how is self-presentation different from self-expression?

Back 6

self-presentation is how we present our selfs to others around us.

Self-expression is an act of expressing our own individuality, usually an action geared towards pleasing oneself

Front 7

What conclusions were made about peoples profile pictures on facebook?

Back 7

no evidence of self-idealization

ideal-self ratings did not predict observer impressions above and beyond actual personality

Front 8

What percentage of people administered the final 450-volt shock in the milgram study?

Back 8

65%

Front 9

What variables affected peoples willingness to obey in the milgram study? (name at least 3)

Back 9

shock administered by a 2nd teacher

teacher can see the learner

off-campus setting

experimenter in a 2nd room

2 other "teachers" rebel

Front 10

What was the University of Cincinnati study performed on nursing students?

Back 10

22 nurses received a phone call from a fictitious doctor

they were asked to fill a prescription without a written prescription, of a drug they've never heard of and of a dosage greater than the recommended dosage

Front 11

What were the results of the Berger replication pertaining to:

Obedience rates

modeling behavior

gender

Back 11

obedience rates: slighty lower

Modeling Behavior: no differences

Gender: no differences

Front 12

What is social influence?

Back 12

the influence that the people around you have on your behavior

Front 13

what are the two forms in influence?

Back 13

open influence and manipulative influence

Front 14

what is open influence?

Back 14

the attempt to influence is readily apparent to the target

Front 15

what is manipulative influence?

Back 15

the attempt to influence is hidden form the target

Front 16

what are the six universal influence principles?

Back 16

reciprocity

scarcity

authority

commitment/consistency

liking

social validation

Front 17

describe the foot-in-the-door technique

Back 17

get agreement with a principle (do you believe in safe driving?)

make a small request (will you put up a small safe driving sign in your yard?)

come back next week and ask them to put up a bigger sign

Front 18

describe the "door-in-the-face" technique

Back 18

get agreement with a principle

make a large request (will you put up a huge safe driving sign in your yard?)

when denied, ask for a smaller request, people will be more likely to agree because in comparison the next request is a small one

Front 19

What is reactance?

Back 19

reverse psychology

reactance increases resistance to persuasion

Front 20

why does reactance work?

Back 20

there is a perception of threatened or lost freedom

threat to free behaviors causes an excited motivational state

behavior is then directed toward restoring freedom

Front 21

what is stereotype threat?

Back 21

2 definitions:

a concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will be evaluated based on that stereotype


when a person belongs to a group with a negative stereotype attached to it subconsciously conforms to the negative stereotype by performing a task to a lesser degree than normal

Front 22

what is tokenism?

Back 22

When someone is added to a group as a minority. Often times this person will be treated as bland to assure that negative stereotypes aren't enforced. Sometimes thought the token will be pointed out and may have their traits overemphasized to seem exotic

Front 23

What is health psychology?

Back 23

psychologists conduct and apply research aimed at promoting health and preventing illness

Front 24

what are stress mediators?

Back 24

mediators explain differences in stress responses

Front 25

why do we help?

Back 25

because we perceive the reward as greater than the risk of helping

Front 26

What are the two reasons for helping?

Back 26

Egoism

Altruism

Front 27

What is egoism?

Back 27

helping someone for an obvious reward (like a tax write off) or a less obvious one

Front 28

what is altruism?

Back 28

helping someone for the sake of others. nothing is expected in return

Front 29

what's the norm of reciprocity?

Back 29

payback is fair

Front 30

what is the norm of social justice?

Back 30

people with misfortune deserve it

Front 31

what's the norm of social responsibility?

Back 31

it's morally right to help someone

Front 32

when do people help?

Back 32

notices and interprets a need

has the time

feels competent

feels responsible

Front 33

when is a man more likely to help?

Back 33

in public

in emergencies and dangerous situations

with strangers

Front 34

when are women more likely to help?

Back 34

in situations assessed as less dangerous

in routine or long term helping (childcare)

when the need is social support

Front 35

what two personality traits increases the likelihood of helping?

Back 35

empathy and advanced moral reasoning