Psychology Of Personality Exam 3

Front 1

3 Informal methods used to assess personality

Back 1

1. Ask people to describe themselves
2. Collect secondhand personality info (gossip)
3. Observe people and make own conclusions about personality

Front 2

What's the most popular informal method to assess personality?

Back 2

Observe people and make your own conclusions about personality

Front 3

What's it called when people describe themselves focusing more on the positives than the negatives?

Back 3

Impression Management

Front 4

What motive causes Impression Management?

Back 4

Social Desirability

Front 5

Why are people bad at catching deception?

Back 5

We focus on trivial cues, not the ones that actually matter

Front 6

Name the 3 kinds of information Causal Attributions are based on

Back 6

Consensus, Consistency, and Distinctiveness

Front 7

What is Distinctiveness?

Back 7

The extent to which a person acts differently in other situations

Front 8

What misattribution happens most often and describe it

Back 8

Fundamental Attribution Error- blame personality on internal attributions and not enough external attributions

Front 9

Besides the Fundamental Attribution Error name a misattribution people make

Back 9

Defensive

Front 10

Name the 3 ways Reliability can be assessed

Back 10

1. Stability Over Time
2. Internal Consistency
3. Inter-rater Agreement

Front 11

Describe the reliability assessment of Stability Over Time

Back 11

Test people and retest them to look for similarities in answers

Front 12

How large should the reliability coefficient be for a good test?

Back 12

.8 or larger

Front 13

Describe Criterion Keying

Back 13

1. Find 2 groups of people, one high and one low on the key construct
2. Ask them to respond to a large # of potential test items
3. Keep the items that discriminate between the 2 groups

Front 14

What famous personality test used Criterion Keying?

Back 14

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Front 15

What is construct validity?

Back 15

Tests are focused and don't test anything they shouldn't

Front 16

What is convergent validity?

Back 16

Data needed: scores on own scale and scores on other scales measuring the same thing
Desired results: positive correlation

Front 17

What is discriminant validity?

Back 17

Data needed: scores on own scale and scores on other scales measuring different things
Desired results: zero correlation

Front 18

What is dreamwork?

Back 18

Process by which your latent content is transformed into manifest content that is less disturbing

Front 19

Why does dreamwork occur?

Back 19

Guard you from waking up from your dreams

Front 20

Name two barriers to dream analysis besides dreamwork.

Back 20

Secondary elaboration and Repression

Front 21

What is REM sleep?

Back 21

Sleep where your eyes are rapidly shifting and it is when dreams occur

Front 22

What percentage of people are dreamers?

Back 22

100%

Front 23

Describe Rorschach Inkblot Test

Back 23

Look through the cards twice
1st time asked: What does the picture look like/what do you see?
2nd time asked: Where did you see it/how did you find it?

Front 24

Name 3 elements that a psychologist might consider while scoring the Rorschach Inkblot Test

Back 24

Location, Form level, Determinants

Front 25

Reactions to people in order of encouraging self-disclosure to not encouraging self-disclosure

Back 25

Reflection, Reassurance, Probing, Interpretation, Evaluation

Front 26

Describe the Q-Sort Test

Back 26

-100 cards contain potentially self-descriptive personality statements
-Put in piles 1-11
-11 means it describes them a lot, 1 means it doesn't describe them
-Can only put a few cards in the end numbers but can put a lot in the middle stacks
-1st time sort based on your real self, 2nd time sort based on your ideal self
-Then the person gets 2 scores based on where their cards were placed each time
-The correlation btwn the 2 is computed and if high correlation, that means high congruence in personality

Front 27

Name and describe a response set.

Back 27

Social Desirability- lie on the test to make yourself seem like a better person than you are

Front 28

What 3 tactics have dispositional psychologists developed for coping w/ the problem of response sets?

Back 28

1. Measure the strength of the response set and adjust other scores accordingly
2. Disguise the purpose of the test to make response sets irrelevant
3. Study response sets as interesting dispositions in their own right

Front 29

Name the 4 validity scales of the MMPI

Back 29

Cannot say, Lie, Frequency, Correction

Front 30

In relation to the MMPI how does Frequency work and which response set does it measure?

Back 30

How common or rare is your psychograph, versus the psychographs of others who have taken the test?
Measures carelessness or response deviation

Front 31

What are the 2 major types of Subjective Tests?

Back 31

Naturalistic Observation and Situation Tests

Front 32

Naturalistic Observation vs. Situation Tests (generalizability and control)

Back 32

Naturalistic Observation- watch how someone behaves in natural everyday situations; better generalization, worse control
Situation Tests- watch how someone behaves in artificial laboratory setting; better control, worse generalization

Front 33

Specific examples of Naturalistic Observation spying

Back 33

Gay men in the park, Garbage, Bystander Intervention

Front 34

What's the major problem with Naturalistic Observation spying?

Back 34

It's unethical

Front 35

Which 2 approaches to personality have the best assessment methods?

Back 35

Dispositional and Behavioral

Front 36

Which 2 approaches to personality have the worst assessment methods?

Back 36

Phenomenological and Psychoanalytic

Front 37

Why did Phenomenological and Psychoanalytic approaches suffer?

Back 37

Shot down because they aren't as accurate and can't be said to really test traits, not based on tangible evidence.