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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lewis Terman
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*Adapted IQ test for American Children
*Added formula for IQ=mental age/chronological age *Assumed Stanford-Binet measured innate intelligence, but IQ was fixed at birth *Smart people are not physically inept & are often quite sociable |
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Marilyn Mach
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*Scored 230 on IQ test, 30 pts above the highest person
*Wrote a few books *Never received formal college degree (only attended two years) *Married Dr. Jarvik |
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Daniel Goleman
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*Key to life is balance of emotions
*Self motivation is very important *Coined "emotional quotient" *Believes that without emotion life would be "a dull wasteland" |
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Sir Francis Galton
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*Questioned whether intelligence was due to Heredity or Environment
*Decided that intelligence was mostly a result of heredity |
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Arthur Jenson
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*Attributed IQ gap to genetic differences between races
*Claimed environment couldn't change IQ *Claimed Blacks and Whites possess qualitatively different kinds of intelligence |
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Robert Sternberg
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*Proposed TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
--*Componential intelligence: consists of mental abilities related ot traditional IQ tests --*Experiential intelligence: controlled creative thinking and problem solving --*Contextual intelligence made up of practical intelligence "street smarts" *Claimed IQ tests measured FORMAL ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE while TACIT KNOWLEDGE was required for real life |
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David Weschler
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*Developed first successful individual intelligence test for adults (16+)
*Revised test named Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-3) & is one of the most widely used tests because it yields verbal & performance IQ scores & general IQ score *Also wrote WISC-3, WPPSI & WMS-R |
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Adrian Dove
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*Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence test (aka "chitling" test) which tested according to cultural knowledge
*Major civil rights activist |
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Gustav Fechner
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*Coined term psychophysics
*Explained how physical stimulus effected senses |
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Alfred Binet
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*Believed bright children shouldn't have to have regular classes
*Came up with the idea of mental age and was able to figure our levels of retardation according to his intelligence scale |
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Raymond Cattell
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*Had "Cluster" theories
*Crystallized intelligence - learned in school, environmental interaction, verbal & math, subjects stressed in school *Fluid Intelligence - mostly inherited intelligence, aspects determined at birht; do not change, ex: spatial, visual, ability to notice details, rote memory *Author of 16 personality factor test |
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Howard Gardner
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*"Splitter"
* Multiple intelligence theory (8 types), all equally important *linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic |
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Louis Thurstone
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*Did not agree with Smearman's theory of G
*Theorized idea of 7 primary mental abilities *Verbal comprehension, numerical ability, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word fluency, memory, reasoning |
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Kim Peek
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*Extra large brain
*Extreme abilities to read & comprehend & memorize & predict weather *Did not have a corpus collosum so his thoughts flow directly from one side of his brain to the other *Blister effected his cerebellum *Not autistic, but developmentally disabled |
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Joy Paul Guilford
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*Studied creativity
*Divergent thinkers can come up with answers to a problem that doesn't have a set answer *Convergent thinkers come up with answers to set answer problems |
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Herrnstein & Murray
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*IQ symbolized a "ladder of society" and a person could not change their status
*Poverty & crime were a result of low IQ *60% inherited and 40% learned |
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Charles Spearman
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*Believed intelligence consists of a "g factor" -- people who are good at one thing will be good at everything
*Also believed in "s factors" -- specific abilities |
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Robert C. Tryon
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*Tested Spearman's G on rats for Phd thesis
*Rats ran through mazes & the ones who made few mistakes for "maze bright" while the others were "maze dull" *Bread separately & after a few generations "maze brights" were still better, but they didn't do any better on intelligence tests that other rats *Conclusion: G doesn't exist, at least not for rats |
