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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Scientific Loop
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Deduction--> hypothesis --> Induction
Deduction: predicted outcome Induction: Observed data to theory Theories lead to new deductions |
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Informed Hypothesis
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simply questions about behavior
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Formal Hypothesis
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formulated on the basis of past research findings & theoretical considerations (stated in very specific and formal terms)
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Predictions (of hypothesis)
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Specific outcome of the experiment that the researcher believes will occur (contained in the formal hypothesis)
If prediction confirmed by results- hypothesis supported If prediction rejected by results- hypothesis rejected |
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Developing Research Ideas
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1. Intuition "common sense"- things we believe to be true. (ex: opposites attract)
2. Observation -experience Ask "why" a behavior occurs, study ONE aspect (ex: Michael Lynn & tipping behavior and Bob Levine and pace of life) 3. Serendipity - accidentally discovering something new (ex: Pavlov and salivating , Hubel/Weissel & Cats (picture, vertical/horizontal lines) |
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Characteristic of Good Research Ideas
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1. Testable
2. Likelihood of Success (deterrents to success- complexity, ethics, logistics) |
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Attributes of a Good Theory (Nature of Theory)
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1. Falsification (theory should be constructed in a manner allowing it to be disprovable)
2. Parsimony (Entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity- the simplest solution is usually the best!) |
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Features of a Good Theory
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- Summarizes current empirical knowledge
- Organizes knowledge into laws (relationships among variables, imposes a framework) - Provides (tentative) explanation for phenomenon - Allows for empirical predictions (generates hypothesis) |
