Psychology Midterm 2

Front 1

Why was intelligence testing of particular relevance to the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century?

Back 1

Henry Goddard administered intelligence tests to immigrants.

Front 2

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

Back 2

Created tests to qualify children for special education.

Front 3

David Wechsler

Back 3

Developed new test to include images. Western Intelligence Scale, which was for adults and children. It was a timed test that included a performance test.

Front 4

Sir Frances Galton

Back 4

Darwin's cousin, studied the origins of intelligence.

Front 5

Louis Terman

Back 5

Determined intelligence is influenced by genes.

Front 6

Why is Howard Gardner from Harvard in favor of looking at intelligence not in a traditional way, but speaks about multiple intelligence?

Back 6

He looked at ordinary people, people with brain damage, prodigies, and savants, which led him to conclude that there are eight distinct kinds of intelligence: linguistic logic mathematical, spatial, musical, but we can set it, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Front 7

Why has intelligence been so controversial in psychology?

Back 7

Because the answer has such important social and political repercussions.

Front 8

IQ

Back 8

Mental age divided by physical age, times 100.

Front 9

Average intelligence

Back 9

50 on the IQ scale

Front 10

Range of normal distribution

Back 10

70-130 on IQ scale

Front 11

Range of normal distribution

Back 11

70-130 on IQ scale

Front 12

Reliability

Back 12

The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing.

Front 13

Range of normal distribution

Back 13

70-130 on IQ scale

Front 14

Reliability

Back 14

The tendency for a measure to produce the same result whenever it is used to measure the same thing.

Front 15

Validity

Back 15

The characteristic of an observation that allows one to draw accurate inferences from it

Front 16

Standardized

Back 16

Cause something to conform to a standard

Front 17

Culturally biased

Back 17

Cultural bias is the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture.

Front 18

Consistent

Back 18

Unchanging effect over a period of time

Front 19

Consistent

Back 19

Unchanging effect over a period of time

Front 20

What is the purpose of sleep?

Back 20

It is essential for memory consolidation. Loss of sleep reduces mental acuity and reaction time, increases irritability and depression, increases risk of accidents.

Front 21

How many stages of sleep are there?

Back 21

5

Front 22

How long do people generally spend in going through all stages of sleep and how many times are the cycles experienced by the average in an 8 hour sleep session?

Back 22

90 min, 3-4
Times

Front 23

What is hypnosis and why would it be considered an alternate state of consciousness?

Back 23

Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestibility and the feeling that ones actions are occurring involuntarily.

Front 24

REM

Back 24

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity

Front 25

Hypnotic suggestion

Back 25

An idea of what effects hypnosis will have

Front 26

Flowing consciousness

Back 26

You know and are able to report your mental state

Front 27

Biofeedback

Back 27

The use of an external monitoring device to gain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control of it

Front 28

Meditation

Back 28

The practice of internal contemplation

Front 29

Sleep apnea

Back 29

A disorder where a person stops breathing for brief periods in their sleep

Front 30

Delta waves

Back 30

A type of brain wave associated with stage 3 and 4 of sleep (deep sleep)

Front 31

Psychoactive

Back 31

Chemicals that influence consciousness of behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system

Front 32

Opiates

Back 32

Drug with morphine like effects

Front 33

Endorphins

Back 33

Neurotransmitters that have a similar structure to opiates and appear to play a role in how the brain copes internally with pain and stress

Front 34

Amphetamines

Back 34

a synthetic, addictive, mood-altering drug, used illegally as a stimulant and legally as a prescription drug to treat children with ADD and adults with narcolepsy.

Front 35

Substance abuse

Back 35

A patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others.