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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neuron
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a nerve cell , the basic building block of the nervous system
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dendrite
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the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (soma)
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soma
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the cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus and other parts that keep the cell healthy
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axon
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the extension of a neuron through which nwural impulses are sent
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axon terminal
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the endpoint of a neuron there neurotransmitters are stored
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action potential
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a neural impulse a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron
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refractory period
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the recharging phase when a neuron after firing cannot generate another action potential
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resting potential
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the state of a neuron when it is at test and capable of generating an action potential
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all or none principle
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states that if a neuron fires, it always fires at the same intensity, all action potentials are the same strength
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synapse
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tiny, fluid filled gap between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrite of another
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next,and influences whether a neuron will generate on action potential ( impulse)
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excitatory effect
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a neurotransmistter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential (impulse)
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inhibitory
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a neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential( impulse)
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receptor cells
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specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials (impulses) that the nervous system can process
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sensory nerve
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carry information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system
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interneurons
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nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for processing information related to sensory input and motor output
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motor nerves
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carry information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system
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acetylcholine
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a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory
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antagonist
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a drug that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter
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agonist
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a drug that boost the effects of a neurotransmitter
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dopamine
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a neurotransmitter that affects learning , attention,and emotion, excess dopamine activity is associated will schizophrenia
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seratonin
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a neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep, arousal and mood,seratonin appears in lower than normal levels in depressed people
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central nervous system (cns)
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the brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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sensory and motor nerves that connect the (cns )to the rest of the body
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somatic nervous system
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the division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles
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autonomic
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division of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs.Its subdivisions are the sympathetic (arousing) and parasympathetic (calming)
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sympathetic division
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part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats
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parasympathetic division
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part of the autonomonic nervous system that calms the body
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endocrine system
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one of the body's two communication systems a set of gland that produce hormones chemical messengers that circulate in the bloos
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hormone
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chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and cirulated in the blood
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pituitary glands
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the endocrine sytems "master gland" that in conjuction with the brain controls the other endocrine glands
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thyroid gland
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endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy level in the body
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adrenal glands
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endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stress
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