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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a technique in which one person or case is studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles. An individual case finding may not apply to others. Can be misleading to extend to others.
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case study
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a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions, or behviors of people usually by questioning a representative, random sample of people.
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survey
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when subtle changes in the order or wording of questions can have major effects.
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wording effect
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when one perceives one's own choice as relatively more common than do those who prefer the alternative choice.
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false consensus effect
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a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
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random sample
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observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
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naturalistic observation
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a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
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correlation
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a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation.
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scatterplot
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on a scatterplot, two things change together/ they are directly related.
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positive correlation
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on a scatterplot, two things change in opposite directions/ they are inversely related.
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negative correlation.
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the perception of a relationship where none exists.
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illusory correlation
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does correlation prove causation?
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NO!
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a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.
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experiment
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a factor manipulated by the experimenter and whose effect is being studied.
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independent variable
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a factor that may change in response to manipulations of the other variable.
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dependent variable
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assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups.
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random assignment
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the most frequently occurring score in a distribution.
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mode
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the arithmetic average of scores in a distribution obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by their number.
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mean
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the middle score in a rank-ordered distribution.
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median
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the difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
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range
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a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean.
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standard deviation
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a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
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statistical significance
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