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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Schizophrenia |
a psychotic disorder that is caused by a breakdown in the relationship between thought, emotion, and behaviour |
the breakdown of the relationship of T_____, E______, and B_______ |
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Types of Schizophrenia |
Paranoid - (auditory or visual hallucinations/delusions. Disorganized - (disorganized thoughts or behaviours) Catatonic - (purposeless movement or paralysis from a lack of motor control) |
P_______, D____O______, and C_________ |
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
a long term disorder causing: Inconsistent or Contradictory Behaviours Atypical Emotional Responses Auditory Hallucinations Paranoia Delusions Disorganised Speech/Thinking |
think back to the types of Schizophrenia |
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Treatments of Schizophrenia |
Talking treatments CBT - helps patients channel negative thoughts into positive ones Psychosocial Therapy - promotes social interation |
Thoughts and Interaction |
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Personality Traits (5) |
Extrovertedness Conscientiousness Openness to New Experiences Neuroticism Agreeableness |
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Perspectives on Personality |
Psychoanalytic - importance of early childhood education center and the unconscious mind. Trait - identifyable, describing, measurable traits that are common in behaviour to define a person. Humanistic - free will and personal awareness. Human nature is positive. Everyone can reach their full potential. Social-cognitive - importance of self efficiency and observational learning. |
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Abnormal Psychology |
the study of abnormal behaviours (neurotic or psychotic) in humans |
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Psychotic Disorders (Causes and Effects) |
- chemical imbalances in the brain (i.e manic depression) - genetic components (i.e. schizophrenia) -environmental issues (i.e dissociative identity disorder) -lost touch with the real world -highly debilitating -delusions/hallucinations |
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Psychotic Disorders (Examples) |
- schizophrenia - psychosis - dissociative identity disorder - drug or alcohol induced psychosis - manic depression - bipolar disorder - dementia - paranoia - insomnia |
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Research vs Applied Psychology |
RESEARCH - the study of the origins, causes, and results of behaviour APPLIED - making direct use of the findings of research (i.e a psychologist dealing directly with clients as opposed to doing research about an illness) |
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Psychosexual Development Stages |
ORAL (6-12 MONTHS) - gratification from sucking, eating, mouthing, etc; disruption oral fixation; ends by weaning ANAL (2-3 Y/O) - learning societies' toilet rules; delayed self gratification PHALLIC (3-6 Y/O) - oedipus/Electra complex (falling in love or jealousy of parents relationships) LATENCY (6-12) - little to no interest in sexual feelings at all; a "buffer" phase GENITAL (13+) - the re emergence of sexual feelings; and seeking mature sexual relationships |
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Neurotic Disorders (Effects) |
- fear or dread of non threatening situations - anxiety/stress/tension - encounter difficulties in life but can manage normal daily affairs |
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Neurotic Disorders (Examples) |
- obsessive-compulsive disorder - anxiety - hypochondria - hysteria - phobias - dysthymic - psychogenic fatigue - somatoform - heurosis |
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Freudian Slip |
saying something you didn't want to, revealing one's true desires |
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Other Common Disorders |
- ADD - ADHD - Kleptomania - Pyromania - Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
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Phobia (Definition) |
the avoidance of social situations for fear of embarrassment or humiliation (social phobias); the avoidance of specific objects or situations (specific phobias) |
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Psychologists vs Psychiatrists |
PSYCHOLOGIST - have PhD's; focus on clients with issues withing everyday life situations PSYCHIATRIST - medical doctors with medical degrees; trained specifically in psychiatry |
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Phobias (Examples) |
- acrophobia (heights) - mysophobia (germs) - claustrophobia (enclosed spaces) - erytgrophobia (red lights/blushing) - ephebophobia (youths) - coulrophobia (clowns) - gymnophobia (nudity) - taphophobia (buried alived) |
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Mental Health in Abnormal Psychology |
- everyone is affected by mental health - disorders are diagnosed by meeting specific criteria - causes: neurological, biological, environmental, situational - understanding has increased in the last 20 years - there remains many unanswered questions |
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Personality Disorders |
ALSO NEUROTIC DISORDERS - affective - schizoid - explosive - obsessive compulsive - histrionic - dependent - dissocial - narcissistic - antipersonal or antipersonal |
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Sleep Stages |
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Insomnia |
a.k.a sleeplessness, is a disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep as long as desired |
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Dreaming |
the experience of envisioned images, sounds, or other sensations during sleep |
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Types of Dreams |
flying/floating; anxiety dreams; sea; dreams in color; sexual dreams; dreams that came true; smoking; recurring dreams; finding money; secret universe; famous people; violence; falling; chased; strange houses; social gatherings; breaking/falling teeth |
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Erikson's Birth Order |
Oldest Child - center of attention; bossy; "dethroned" after siblings; has to be first; gains control and superiority over siblings Only Child - pampered; center of interest; self interest; highest achievement drive 2nd Child of 2 - steam engine attitude; feels constant pressure: tried to catch up to the oldest; opposite of oldest Middle Child of 3 - feels neglected/left out; feels unloved; neither pirvilage of the youngest or rights of the oldest; becomes the "squeezed child" Youngest Child - pampered; feels small, weak, not taken seriously; the "entertainer"; can sometimes become the "boss" of the family |
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Methods of Research |
Case Study - long term, intense investigation/observation of one or more participants Survey - interviews/questionnaires that ask many individuals a series of fixed questions Longitudialnal Study - data collected over a number of years looking at development; time consuming Cross-Sectional Study - a comparison of different age groups at the same time |
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Id |
the unconscious part of the mind that is present at birth; gives instincts that allow negative impulses/desires; the "devil" on one's shoulder; i.e skip school to play video games |
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Superego |
the "angel" on one's shoulder; a part of the unconscious mind; provides appropriate responses to negative impulses from Ego; last system to develop |
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Conciousness |
floats above the surface; what we're aware of |
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Preconsciousnes |
a temporary storage that can easily be brought into consciousness |
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Eriksons Stages of Development (1) |
Infancy 0-1 Trust vs Mistrust Develop basic trust in oneself and others Or Develop mistrust in others, leading to a lack of self confidence |
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Eriksons Stages of Development (2) |
Early Childhood 1-3 Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Learn self control and establish autonomy Or Develop shame and doubt about one's own capabilities |
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Eriksons Stages of Development (3) |
Play Age 3-6 Initiative vs Guilt Develop initiative in a mastering environment Or Develop feelings of guilt over agressiveness or daring |
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Eriksons Stages of Development (4) |
School Age 6-12 Industry vs Inferiority Develop industry Or Feelings of Inferiority over real or imagined failure to master tasks |
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Erikson's Stages of Development (5) |
Adolescence 12-20 Group Identity vs Alienation AND Individual Identity vs Identity Confusion Achieve a sense of identity OR Role confusion of who or what you want to be |
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Ego |
conscious mind; acts as a referee "decision maker"; emerges after birth; between demands of superego and id |
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Unconsciousness |
floats below the surface; wishes, thoughts, feelings and memories which we are unaware of; the biggest part of the consciences |
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Ways to Assess the Unconscious |
1. Dream Interpretation or Analysis 2. Projective Tests -Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) -Rorschach Inkblots -Others (free association, drawing people, completing sentences) |
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What is the difference between psychoanalysis in the past to psychoanalysis today? |
Reject the ideas of psychosexual stages; Id/ego/superego Maintain ideas of role of unconscious; inner conflicts; defence mechanisms |
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
show the subject a picture, ask the subject to make up a story about it |
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Rorschach Inkblots |
asks the subject what they see in an inkblot, is ysed often, very popular |
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Why Freud's Theories are Controversial |
they lacked supporting scientific data; theory was based on unbelievable ideas: his observations were of only upper class Austrian women |
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Freud's Connection to Psychoanalysis |
doctor specializing in nervous disorders; he used hypnosis and free association to explore the unconsciousness; his techniques ultimately became known as psychoanalysis |
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Sleep |
a naturally recurring state characterized by reduced or absent conciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity, and inactivity of early all voluntary muscles |
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Free Association |
developed by Freud; a technique used in psychoanalysis; and alternative to hypnosis; patients speak for themselves, rather than repeating ideas of the analyst |
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Approaches to Psychology |
Psychoanalytic; behavioural; humanistic; cognitive; biological (behavorial neuroscience); sociocultural |
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Dream Analysis |
using dreams in psychotherapy; use and write down the perception of your dream; decide what it means for oneself |
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Schizophrenia and Marijuana |
people with schizophrenia are twice as likely to use marijuana; marijuana users are also twice as likely to develop schizophrenia; people predesposed to schizophrenia can have a schizophrenic break even from only smoking once; THC can cause hallucinations on its own, which mimics that of a psychotic break, making people have breaks that seem like schizophrenia |
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Mental Illness and Marijuana |
T |
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A Brief History of Psychology |
Ancient Greece - Hippocrates - John Locke - Phrenology - Late 19th Century -
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The Psyche |
psyche = soul (Latin) the sum of characteristics of the mental states and processes of a person or class of persons involved in an activity |
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Psychology and Social Phenomena |
explores social interaction; looking at how an individual reacts to something |
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Freud and Dreams |
people are like icebergs; our unconscious wishes affect our dreams; the id manifests dreams to fulfill selfish desires |
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Defence Mechanisms (Definition) |
a reaction to a factor that is to protect oneself from overwhelming emotion or stress |
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Defence Mechanisms (Examples) |
For Reasons Understood Solely During Remorse, Real People Refuse Ideas Deemed Irrelevant Reaction formation; Undoing; Sublimation; Denial; Regression; Repression; Projection; Rationalization; Intellectualization; Displacement; Isolation of Affect formation; Undoing; Sublimation; Denial; Regression; Repression; Projection; Rationalization; Intellectualization; Displacement; Isolation of Affect ; Undoing; Sublimation; Denial; Regression; Repression; Projection; Rationalization; Intellectualization; Displacement; Isolation of Affect |
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