Psychology Human Dev

Front 1

Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences.

Back 1

Accommodation

Front 2

The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.

Back 2

Age of viability

Front 3

The belief that all things are living.

Back 3

Animism

Front 4

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them.

Back 4

Assimilation

Front 5

Attachment

Back 5

A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers.

Front 6

The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.

Back 6

Centration

Front 7

The head-to-foot direction of motor development.

Back 7

Cephalocaudal trend

Front 8

Transitions in youngsters' patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.

Back 8

Cognitive development

Front 9

Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.

Back 9

Conservation

Front 10

A research design in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time.

Back 10

Cross-sectional design

Front 11

An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.

Back 11

Dementia

Front 12

The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.

Back 12

Development

Front 13

An increase in the strength of a habituated response elicited by a new stimulus.

Back 13

Dishabituation

Front 14

The average age at which individuals display various behaviours and abilities.

Back 14

Developmental norms

Front 15

A limited ability to share another person's viewpoint.

Back 15

Egocentrism

Front 16

The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month.

Back 16

Embryonic stage

Front 17

A sequence of stages that families tend to progress through.

Back 17

Family life cycle

Front 18

A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.

Back 18

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 19

The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth.

Back 19

Fetal stage

Front 20

Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behaviour or average ability.

Back 20

Gender differences

Front 21

Expectations about what is appropriate behaviour for each sex.

Back 21

Gender roles

Front 22

The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception.

Back 22

Germinal stage

Front 23

Widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits, and behaviour.

Back 23

Gender stereotypes

Front 24

Culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity.

Back 24

Gender

Front 25

A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.

Back 25

Habituation

Front 26

The inability to envision reversing an action.

Back 26

Irreversibility

Front 27

A research design in which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time.

Back 27

Longitudinal design

Front 28

Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint.

Back 28

Maturation

Front 29

The first occurrence of menstruation.

Back 29

Menarche

Front 30

A difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of one's life.

Back 30

Midlife crisis

Front 31

The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.

Back 31

Motor development

Front 32

Recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.

Back 32

Object permanence

Front 33

A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.

Back 33

Placenta

Front 34

The period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy

Back 34

Prenatal period

Front 35

The sexual structures necessary for reproduction.

Back 35

Primary sex characteristics

Front 36

The centre-outward direction of motor development.

Back 36

Proximodistal trend

Front 37

The period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual (reproductive) maturity.

Back 37

Puberty

Front 38

The two-year span preceding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place.

Back 38

Pubescence

Front 39

when the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progresses.

Back 39

Scaffolding Occurs

Front 40

Physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reproduction.

Back 40

Secondary sex characteristics

Front 41

Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.

Back 41

Separation anxiety

Front 42

The biologically based categories of male and female.

Back 42

Sex

Front 43

The acquisition of the norms, roles, and behaviours expected of people in a particular society.

Back 43

Socialization

Front 44

A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behaviour are exhibited and certain capacities become established.

Back 44

Stage

Front 45

Temperament

Back 45

An individual's characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.

Front 46

The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners.

Back 46

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)