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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three ways drugs can affect the brain |
1. Block or enhance neurotransmitter synthesis and release in the presynaptic neuron. 2. Block or enhance binding at the postsynaptic receptors. 3. Block or enhance neurotransmitter reuptake, the processes that chemically transform neurotransmitters so that they are no longer active. |
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Three families of neurotransmitters |
Amines (ie: dopamine), amino acids (ie: glutamate) and peptides (ie: opioids) |
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Describe the action potential |
All-or-none (no large or small action potentials) |
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What are the two types of synapses and what are their functions? |
Excitatory Synapses: activated when terminal button releases a neurotransmitter that "excites" post-synaptic neuron (makes it more likely that neurons will fire) Inhibitory Synapses: lowers the likelihood of neuron firing |
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What is the Spinal Arc Reflex? |
When sensory, motor and inter-neurons work together to generate a fast response that works solely on the level of the spinal cord and bypasses the relay of messaging the brain to save time |
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Why is the nervous system referred to as a system of twos? Explain. |
Nervous system is composed of two parts: Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous system The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord The peripheral nervous system is made up of the skeletal nervous system and the autonomous nervous system The skeletal nervous system is further broken down into sensory nerves and motor nerves The autonomous nervous system is further broken down into sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system |
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What are the three types of neurons and what are their functions? |
The three types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons 1. sensory neurons: detect info from physical world and pass it to brain (body to brain) 2. motor neurons direct muscles to relax or contract, producing movement (brain to body) 3. interneurons link sensory and motor neurons by assisting them with communication |
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What are Glia? |
Glia cells are cells that act as support and protection to neurons |
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What is the prototypical structure of a neuron? |
Cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axons, myelin sheath, axon/synaptic terminal, synapse |
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