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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Middle adulthood age range |
40-65 |
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presbyopia |
"old eyes" inability to adjust focus to varying distances pupil shrinks, lens yellows, vitreous changes, poor vision in dim light, decline in color discrimination |
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glaucoma |
yellowing in eyes increased interrocular pressure pressure on the eyes |
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presbycusis |
old hearing initially decline in sensitivity to high frequencies gender and cultural differences men show earlier |
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How can one prevent premature aging in the skin?
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stay out of the sun, exercise, healthy diet |
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What happens with muscle and fat during this age?
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fat gain in torso, men: upper back and abdomen women: waist, upper arms, muscle declines very gradually |
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Skeletal changes
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bones are broadening but they become porous (loss in bone density) women are at greater risk loss of bone strength, disks collapse, height shrinks, bones fracture more easily and heal slowly. healthy lifestyle can slow down this process |
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What happens during Menopause?
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gradual end of fertility no longer producing eggs |
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What are the most common symptoms of Menopause ? |
hot flashes night sweats sexual difficulties
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What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? What are pros and cons? |
taking either estrogen or progesterone pros: reduces hot flashes, vaginal dryness, protects against bone loss risks: heart attack, stroke, blood clots. cancer, gall bladder disease, Alzheimer's and other dimentias |
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What are the reproductive changes in men? |
gradual decline in testosterone, erection difficulties, frequent problems may be linked to anxiety |
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What are the sexuality trends for this age? |
slight drop in frequency among married couples |
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What is osteoporosis? And how can it be prevented? |
osteoporosis is bone density problems. fragile bone with an increased risk of fracture it can be prevented by taking vitamin D, calcium, weight baring exercises, and strength training exercises. |
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What are the leading causes of death? Leading cancers for men and women? |
Cancer and Cardiovascular disease #1 men: prostate and lung #1 women: breast and lung |
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Symptoms of cardiovascular disease? What is atherosclerosis? |
Atherosclerosis occurs when something called plaque builds up in the walls of your arteries. Plaque contains fat, cholesterol, calcium, and white blood cells. heart attack and stroke can occur from this |
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Know difference between Fluid intelligence vs. crystallized intelligence. How do they (fluid and crystallized intelligence) change as we age? |
fluid: depends on basic information processing skills, detecting relationships among stimuli, speed of analyzing information, working memory crystallized: skills that depend on accumulated knowledge, experience, lasts longer than fluid |
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Age related slowing of information processing? |
Neural Network View - neurons in the brain are dying -brain forms new, but less efficient connections Information Loss View -info lost at each step through the cognitive system - whole system slows down to inspect/interpret information |
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What are the cognitive advantages of middle age? |
Expertise, Creativity, having more knowledge on a subject, being more deliberate and thoughtful |
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Know Erikson’s 7th stage and how to describe it. |
Generativity vs. Stagnatiton Generativity- reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation Stagnation- self centered, self indulgent, self absorbed, lack of interest in young people |
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Characteristics of highly generative adults? |
well adjusted, low in anxiety, high in life satisfaction |
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Is there a mid-life crisis? |
not technically, BUT there are mid life changes |
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Factors in midlife psychological well-being? |
good health and exercise positive social relationships good marriage mastery in multiple roles |
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What happens as far as gender identity during this time period? |
women increase in masculinity men increase in femininity |
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How do basic personality traits change as we age? |
changes occur in overall organization and anxiety |
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What is meant by Launching? |
culmination of the "letting go" process decline in parental authority adjusting to in laws |
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What is meant by kinkeeping? |
someone who knows all the "dirt" on the family and knows what is going on always |
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Grand parenting -what is meant by skipped generation families? |
on avg begins in early 50s significant milestone for most skipped gen- parents of the parents are taking care of the children full time sometimes in response to divorce of the grandchildren's parents |
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What is the sandwich generation? |
when children in their middle age, take care of their sick parents. factors inc. finances, location, gender, and culture highly stressful and emotional |
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Describe burnout. |
psychological term for the experience of long term exhaustion and diminished interest -result of long term job stress - common in helping professions linked to mental exhaustion, attention, memory problems, loss of personal control depression |
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What is meant by a glass ceiling? |
invisible barrier to career advancement for minorities and women results from lack of training opportunities, stereotypes, and lack of mentoring |
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What is the difference between chronological age and functional age? |
functional age: actual competence and performance chronological age: how old you really are |
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Reasons for increasing life expectancy in U.S.? |
because of steady decline in infant mortality, decrease in adult death rates, variations due to heredity, environment, SES, ethnicity, nationality |
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Which country has the longest average life expectancy? |
Japan |
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Factors contributing to long life? |
genes health |
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Know what is mean by “Activities of Daily Living” (ADL’s )- know the difference between basic ADL’s and instrumental ADL’s. |
ADLs are basic self care tasks like bathing, dressing, eating, etc basic are bathing, eating, dressing instrumental are conducting business, cognitive competence, house keeping, paying bills |
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What is going on with the nervous system at this age? |
loss of brain density, neurons lost especially in pre-frontal cortex |
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Cataracts |
cloudy areas in lens of eye |
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Macular degeneration |
central vision blurs and is eventually lost. leading cause of blindness among older adults |
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What is meant by the term “autoimmune response or disorder” |
your body is attacking itself |
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What is going on with physical appearance and mobility? |
everything is decreasing, skin not as tight, age spots, bones and muscles not as strong, harder to move |
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What is “assistive technology”? Know some examples. |
an umbrella term that inc. assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities cane handle for keys walker |
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Know the difference between primary aging and secondary aging. |
primary: (biological) genetically influenced affects all members of species occurs even when health is good secondary: declines due to heredity and environment effects individually major contributor to frailty, illness, and disabilities, arthritis, diabetes, injuries, metal disabilities |
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Leading causes of death |
1. cardiovascular disease 2. cancer |
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Osteoarthritis |
deteriorating cartilage in frequently used joints: wear and tear |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis |
autoimmune response involves whole body inflammation of connective tissue cartilage tissue grows deformed joints loss of mobility |
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Adult-Onset Diabetes |
Type 2 most common type body cannot use insulin and blood glucose properly treat with diet and exercise |
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Accidents in late adulthood? |
motor vehicle vision problems risk of hip fracture limits mobility and social contact |
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What is the most common outcome of an elder fall? |
hip fracture |
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What is dementia? |
wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a persons ability to perform everyday activities (not a specific disease) |
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Know Alzheimer’s Disease incidence, symptoms and brain changes |
accounts for 60-80% of dementia which occurs after a stroke, second most common dementia type symptoms: memory loss, confusion, disoriented brain changes: neurofbrillary tangles, amyloid plaques in cerebral cortex, synapse deterioration |
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Long Term Care in Late Adulthood--Home care/Assisted living/home helper systems |
ongoing assistance with some of the most basic activities of daily living such as eating, bathing, dressing, getting out of bed types: home care, comm. service, supported housing,, assisted living, nursing homes |
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Factors related to cognitive change? |
genes health status distance to death (age) |
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Know and be able to describe Erikson’s 8th and final last stage. |
Ego-Integrity vs. Despair Ego-integrity- felling whole and complete, satisfied with achievements, view life in context of all humanity, associated with more favorable psych well being Despair- bitter, un-accepting of death, feel regretful, time is now too short |
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What is meant by Gerotranscendence? |
Joan Erikson beyond ego integrity heightened inner calm contentment quiet reflection nearing death |
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What is the “New Old Age theory |
3rd age category: 65-79 and beyond marked by personal fulfillment, self realization, and life satisfaction still active, volunteering , being a contributor to life 4th age phys decline need for care |
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What role does religion play in late adulthood? |
VERY IMPORTANT |
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Control and dependency in late adulthood? |
older people at higher risk for negative changes and more dependent on others |
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What about elder suicide? |
Peaks in elders depressed white men |
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Know the various types of housing arrangements: • Ordinary home • Residential communities – congregate housing, life-care communities • Nursing homes |
need assistance with everyday activities res comm- gradual levels of assistance, meets needs over time nursing homes- skilled nursing facilities, dr on call, offer rehab, highest structure, expensive, highest level of restriction |
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Know the various types of elder maltreatment and risk factors |
phys abuse phys neglect emotional abuse sexual abuse financial abuse (takes adv. of financial statuses. usually family |
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What is the major consideration when deciding whether or not to retire? |
heath financial status spouse working benefits leisure interests |
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Adjusting to retirement – do most adjust? What are the factors? |
idk |
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all of eriksons 8 stages |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
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all of piagets stages |
1 2 3 4 |
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what disease did morris have? |
ALS motor neuron disease |
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why did he have a living funeral? |
he wanted to hear people say nice things about him |
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what erikson stage in his life was he at? |
…. |
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what was mitch like at the beginning of the film vs. the end? |
state your thoughts... |
