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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Major pregnancy complications are..
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Gestational hypertension
Gestational Diabetes Premature Birth |
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Piaget's 4 stages
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Sensorimotor
Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational |
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Psychology
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the scientific study of human behavior, motivation, emotion, and thought processes on an individual level
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4 Canons of Research
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Determinism
Empiricism Parsimony Testability |
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Disciplines in Psychology
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Neuroscience
Evolutionary Behavior Genetics Psychodynamic Behavioral Cognitive |
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Scientific Method
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Observation
Theory Hypothesis Operational Testing Report Results Replicate |
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what is a case study
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an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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survey
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a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
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validity
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measures what it intends to measure
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reliability
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consistency
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independent variable
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the one we can change
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dependent variable
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what were going to measure
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hindsight bias
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the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it
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phrenology
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franz gall's idea that bumps on the head can tell us about personality, etc
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the nerve
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get down on paper the nerve and know all about its mechanics: neuron, threshold, synapse, dendrite, etc.
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neuron
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a nerve cell
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dendrite
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the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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axon
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the extension of a neuron, thru which messages pass to other neurons or muscles
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threshold
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the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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synapse
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the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite. the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons
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serotonin affects..
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mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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dopamine influences..
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movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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nervous system
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the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system
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central nervous system
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the brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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sympathetic nervous system
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"arousing"
ex. dilates pupils, accelerates heartbeat |
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parasympathetic nervous system
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"calming"
ex. contracts pupils, slows heartbeat |
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endocrine system
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the body's "slow" chemical communication system
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pituitary gland
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the endocrine system's most influential gland
releases many different hormones, some of which affect other glands "the MaSTER glAND" |
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brainstem
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the oldest and core part of the brain
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medulla
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base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing
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thalamus
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relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex
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cerebellum
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the "mini brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem-processes sensory input, coordinating movement and balance
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hypothalamus
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controls maintenance functions such as eating, thirst,body temp.
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cerebral cortex
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ultimate control and information-processing center
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cerebral cortex is split up into 4 lobes, what are they?
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frontal lobe
parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe |
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frontal lobes
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involved in speaking, muscle movements, and in making plans and judgements
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parietal lobes
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receives sensory input for touch and body position
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occipital lobes
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the visual areas
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temporal lobes
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auditory areas
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amygdala
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neural centers in the limbic system linked to emotion-FEAR , aGGreSSIon
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hippocampus
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a structure in the limbic system linked to SHORT TErM meMorY
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Motor cortex
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the "output" of the brain
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Sensory cortex
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the "input" of the brain
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aphasia
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inability to speak
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left hemisphere
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deals w/right sensory input, logic-math-language
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right hemisphere
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deals w/left sensory input spatial abilities-face recognition-visual imagery-music
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corpus callosum
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kind of puts 2 hemispheres together
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Wernicke's Area
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to understand language, encode language
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Broca's Area
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controls speech muscles via motor cortex
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genotype
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nonvisible genetic makeup of a person
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phenotype
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visible genetic makeup of a person
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identical twins
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develop from a single fertilized egg and splits in two
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fraternal twins
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develop from seperate fertilized eggs, share fetal environment
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the 9 temperment traits
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do this on paper!
activity, rythmicity, persistence, approach/withdrawl, adaptability, intensity, mood,distractibility, sensory threshold |
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the environment cycle
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draw this out on paper!
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norms
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an often-times unspoken rule for expected behavior within a specific cultural setting
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3 Trimesters of Pregnancy
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Germinal Stage (conception-2 weeks)
Embryogenesis stage(2-8 weeks) Fetogenesis Period (2-9months) |
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Postpartum depression is experienced by how many women?
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50-70%
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Severe postpartum depression is experienced by how many women?
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20%
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Breast feeding helps with what?
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fight off infections
IQ Allergies fight off diseases cognitive and social development |
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Freud Stages
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Oral
Anal Phallic Latency Genital |
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schemas
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an organized pattern of thought or action that one constructs to interpret aspects of their existence
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adaptation
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means of adapting to environment
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assimilation
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process of interpreting new experiences by incorporating them into existing schemas
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accomodation
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process of modifying existing schemas in order to incorporate or adapt to new experiences
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secure attachment
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majority of u.s infants are this way- outgoing & exploration while mom is present, if distressed seeks physical contact
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resistant attachment
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"insecure"
always stays close to mom, wary of strangers & exploration, very distressed when mom leaves, angry when she comes back |
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avoidant attachment
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little distress when mom leaves, ignore mom, open to strangers, but may also ignore them
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disorganized attachment
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(some of resistant and avoidant) approach and withdrawl confusion
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Parenting styles: authoritarian
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very restrictive, cant see other views, respect as law and authority
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parenting styles: authoritative
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controlling but flexible, punishments make sense, rational
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parenting styles: permissive
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laxed parenting styles, low control, high freedom, still present
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parenting styles: uninvolved
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laxed, involved in own world & stress, insensitive to childrens needs
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Effects of early maturation: boys:
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stronger/athletic
violence/sex/drugs selfassured/independent/popular |
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Effects of early maturation: Girls:
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physical and emotional unbalance
isolation from friends sexual harrassment/assualt |
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egocentrism:
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heightened self-consciousness of teens that everyone is as interested in them as they are of themselves
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imaginary audience:
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attention getting behavior
everyone look at me |
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personal fable
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sense of uniqueness and invincibility
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Kohlberg was father of..
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moral reasoning
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Moral Reasoning "stages":
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empathy, preconventional (to avoid punishment or gain reward), conventional (because its the law, dont want to hurt others), post conventional (morality, agreed upon rights)
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Erikson's stages.
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write down!
Trust v. Mistrust Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt Initiative v. Guilt Competence v. Inferiority Identity v. Role confusion Intimacy v. Isolation Integrity v. Despair |
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crystallized intelligence
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one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase w/age
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fluid intelligence
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one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease during late adulthood
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define learning
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a permanent change in behavior due to experience
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baseline
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behavior at its normal level
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Operant Conditioning
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when responses become more or less likely depending on consequences
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Skinner is the father of
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behaviorism
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Shaping
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the girl in class w/the cartwheel
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primary reinforcers
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natural and immediate, food-sex-relief
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Three S's of Punishment
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Swift
Sailiant Severe |
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punishment
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decreases behavior
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negative reinforcers
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your alarm waking you up
the car ding to put on your seatbelt |
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positive reinforcers
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the more its given the more you'll do it
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Albert Bandura
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the bo bo dolls, kids making up new ways to be violent- thru observation and learning
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extrinsic motivation
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ex. go to work to get paid
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intrinsic motivation
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ex.practice a sport to get better
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CBT
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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memory
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the persistence of learning over time
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serial position effect
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tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
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iconic memory
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momentary sensory memory
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echoic memory
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a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
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LTP
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long term potentiation
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3 Sins of Forgetting
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ABsent-mindedness
Transience Blocking |
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Memory- 3 Stage model
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sensory memory
short-term memory long-term memory |
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storage decay
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only days after learned it begins to decay
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severing the corpus callosum treats
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seizures
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