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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name the models of abnormal behavior
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boilogical/medical, behavioral/cognitive, psychodynamic, legal, moral
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what is endogenous depression?
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generated from within, maybe chemical basis
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what is exogenous depression?
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caused by something in the external environment
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what is DSM?
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diagnostic statistical manual, used to label depression or abnormal behavior
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name three drugs used to treat depression
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Serotinin: TCA, MAOI, SSRI
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what are actions of depression drugs
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mood, side effects, risk wih overdose, rosk with drug interaction
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what causes schizophrenia?
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overactivity of dopamine
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What does TCA do
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its not really focused which tweaks the sympathetic nervous system, could prepare for stress
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what does MAOI do
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keep the neurotransmitter from being broken down. not necessarily increasing serotonin but keeping it from breaking down. not targeting depression, instead euphoria
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SSRI's are inefficient because
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they leave risks
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NEVER do what to target a sympton
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take 2 classes of drugs at once
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schizophrenia is __ and has a __ __
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hereditary, biological basis
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phenothiazines (1950s) were inefficient because...
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high sedation effects, involuntary movement
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butyrophenones
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low sedation, high involuntary movement
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new generation
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low sedation, low inv movement, low side effects
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dependency
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addiction, withdrawls
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tolerance
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needing more of the drug to get desired effect
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name the 6 general drug effects
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dependancy, tolerance, side effects, rebound effects, drug interactions
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what are the 4 categories of psychoactive drugs
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stimulants, depressants, opiates, psychedelics
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should depressants and stimulants be mixed
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no, they dont neutralize each other and the effects are dangerous
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name 3 pathways to stimulation
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dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine
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4 methods of study of hormones and behavior
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castration, antagonists, blood assays, uptake
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what happens at the end of the first trimester?
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testosterone is released. if its there its a male if not its female
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what do genetics control
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protein production, which influences hormones
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what can u do to masculanize or feminize someone
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inject hormones
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all hormonal systems are controlled by what
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other hormonal systems
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name 3 pathways to stimulation
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dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine
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what do genetics control
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protein production, which influences hormones
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all hormonal systems are controlled by what
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other hormonal systems
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dependency
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addiction, withdrawls
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tolerance
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needing more of the drug to get desired effect
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name the 6 general drug effects
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dependancy, tolerance, side effects, rebound effects, drug interactions
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what are the 4 categories of psychoactive drugs
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stimulants, depressants, opiates, psychedelics
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should depressants and stimulants be mixed
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no, they dont neutralize each other and the effects are dangerous
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name 3 pathways to stimulation
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dopamine, acetylcholine, adenosine
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name 4 drugs used for stimulation
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amphetamine , cocaine -
arousal and euphoria nicotine, caffeine- arousal |
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name 3 drugs used as depressants
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barbituates, benzodiazepines, ethanol
(sedation and sleep) |
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4 methods of study of hormones and behavior
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castration, antagonists, blood assays, uptake
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what do genetics control
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protein production, which influences hormones
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what are 6 general drug effects of psychoactive drugs
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dependency, tolerance, side effects, rebound effects, drug interactiosn
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4 psychoactive kinds of drugs
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stimulants, depressants, opiates, psychedelics
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amphetamine
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enhance release of norepinephrine & dopamine, arousal and euphoria
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4 stimulants
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amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine
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cocaine
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block reuptake of dopamine, arousal & euphoria
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nicotine
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activate acetylcholine recepts, arousal
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3 depressants
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barbituates, benzodiazepines, ethanol
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barbituates
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enhance GABA systems, sedation & sleep
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benzodiazephines
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enhance GABA, sedation &sleep
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ethanol
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enhance GABA, sedation & sleep
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2 opiates
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Endogenous (endorphins, enkephalin), Exogenous (morphine, heroin)
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endogenous opiates
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activate opiate receptors, analgesia & euphoria
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exogenous opiates
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activate opiate receptors, analgesia & euphoria
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4 psychedelics
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LSD, MDMA (ecstacy), THC, PCP (angel dust)
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LSD
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act. ser. rec., alt. con.
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MDMA (ex)
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enhance ser. release, arousal & alt. con.
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THC
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act. cannibal recpt., sedation & euphor & alt. con
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PCP
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many neurot. involved. anesthesia & psychosis
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developmental effects: at the end of trimester
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testosterone is released. if its there its a male and if not then female
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what can u do to masculanize or feminize
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inject hormones
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all hormonal systems are controlled by what
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other hormonal systems
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the __ reads and regulates hormones
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hypothalamus
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how does birth control work
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it fools the hypothalamus by false estrogen levels
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stress can be caused by something __ or many __ __
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large, little things
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stress is caused by the __ of a system, _______
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misapplication, intense action
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our environment has more what today
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stressors, its adaptive
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direct neuronal communication:
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hypothalamus sends signal to adrenals to release adrenaline
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__ are released under prolonged stress and allows you to __-
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endorphins, maintain use of the body
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dieting is hard because ____
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cortisol stimulates hunger
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neuroendocrine pathways of stress occur in the
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lymbic system
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hormones and stress- the normal ____
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protective system of flight or fright
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what drives abnormal stress responses?
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allostatic load, unremitting stressor, uncertainty, mental activities
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there are more pathways from the ___ to the ___ than reverse
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limbic system to cortex
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__ and ___ normally work in concert
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adrenaline, cortisol
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long term effects of being over stressed, adrenaline
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hardening of arteries, hypertension. restricting blood flow.
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what does a beta blocker do
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blocks adrennaline receptors
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long term effects of cortisol
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inhibits immune system, damage to hippocampus, and amygdala, weight gain
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long term effects of stress psychologically
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anxiety, depression, inhibited social interaction, memory deficits
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coping with stress:
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low fat diet, exercise, sleep, no drugs, social
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who said there was a fundamental difference between humans and animals
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aristotle (humans reason and animals dont)
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aristotles natural scale consisted of
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simplicity/complexity
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darwin did not __ the concept of evolution but __ it
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invent, expains
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evolution is
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adaptation, diversification, phyletic change
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what are selecting agents
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something acting on variation for success, ex: predators, temp, food, shelter
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the __ is the most testable theory of evolution
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model of skulls
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who overused the concept of instinct
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W. James (adaptation and functionalism)
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who was behind the anti-instince movement, behaviorism
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Watson
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who was behind reintroduction
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chomsky
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lorenz came up with __ to __. the __ relationship
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genotype phenotype epigenetic
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epigenetic
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phenotype is influenced by an interaction of a complex environment with the genome
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polygenic
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several genes influence one behavior
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pleiotropic
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one gene can influence a number of behaviors
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what is transcription
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RNA codons encode for amino acids
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what is translation
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amino acids --> protein formation
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genes DO NOT encode for behavior. genes encode for..
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proteins
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codon is a ..
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triplet- sequence of bases
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oxytocin- involved in ___
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reproduction
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vasotosin is a protein in ___ that syncronize _____
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amphibians, release of egg and sperm
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heritability is the ____ in a population that is attributibal to ___
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proportion of variation, genetics
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natural selection involves
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phenotypic variation, selecting agents, inheritance of characteristics, and differential reproductive success
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nat. sel. and the evolutionary phenomena
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adaptation, phyletic change, speciation
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what are instincts
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stereotyped, unlearned adaptations
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what are the bases with genes to proteins
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DNA
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tryptophan --->____
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serotonin
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what influences gene action?
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environment
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what is drosphila
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norm of reaction
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most complex human behaviors are __
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adaptive
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ultimate causation
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survival & reproductive success
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proximate causation
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thinking and learning and all other stuff
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___ tried to explain altruistic behavior (bee kills himself in defense of group)
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hamilton
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hamilton devised __ selection
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kin (kin share genes that help reproductive success)
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what is inclusive fitness?
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reproductive effort in helping kin
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parental investment is
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sex differences
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mate choice:
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females interested in resources while males are interested in health or attractiveness
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sexual jealousy:
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paternity uncertainty
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Daly & wilson specialize in
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child abuse
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