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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A developmentalist studying how memory changes over the lifespan specializes in |
Cognitive development |
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Your family, friends and classmates are part of your |
Microsystem |
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The behaviour patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation |
Culture |
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A researcher studies how people born during the 1920's compare to people born during the 1940's with regard to political participation. The groups are called: |
Cohorts |
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During the 30th week of Joan's pregnancy, she was exposed to rubella. Even though she lacked immunities for the virus, it will not affect her developing baby. This exemplifies: |
A critical period |
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The number of years that have elapsed since birth is known as |
Chronological age |
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According to Freud, what personality structure is present at birth and operates the pleasure principle |
id |
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How many stages are in Erickson's human development |
8 |
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At age 39, Jan constantly has something in her mouth. According to Freud Jan is fixated at |
The oral stage |
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Erik Erikson's psychological stages of development focus on |
Conflicts throughout the lifespan |
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Emily is 12 months, according to Freud, what psychological stage of development is she experiencing |
Anal |
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Theorist not associated with behavioral theory |
Jean Piaget |
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Haley is likely to practice her violin if she receives praise from her instructor. His praise is called |
Reinforcement |
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Operant conditioning was introduced by |
B.F. Skinner |
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Critics of the evolutionary perspective say that it does not focus enough on |
Social and environmental factors |
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The strength and direction of a relationship between two factors is represented by a mathematical score called a |
Correlation coefficient |
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Best describes the role of a dependent variable |
It is the variable that the researchers measure |
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Human life begins with a single fertilized cell. What is the first cell called |
Zygote |
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A cell replication process in which cells divide and duplicate themselves exactly is called |
Mitosis |
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Chromosomal pair that determines the sex |
23 |
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When a pregnancy results from the fertilization of 2 separate sperm the twins are |
Dizygotic |
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What is the genetic makeup of a given individual |
Genotype |
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Under what genetic circumstances can a child inherit PKU |
If both parents carry the recessive gene |
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What disorder is the most frequent cause of mental retardation |
Down syndrome |
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Genetic counselors typically |
Work with couples prior to conception |
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What test involves the most risk the the fetus |
Chorionic villus sampling |
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The prenatal period of development that begins 2 months after conception and last for 7 month on average |
Embryonic stage |
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What is the first stage a prenatal development |
Germinal |
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Term used for newborns |
Neonate |
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A caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional and educational support for the mother before, during and after childbirth |
Doulla |
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Perfect apgar score |
10 |
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Thick, greasy substance on newborn |
Lonugo |
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Minutes after birth, Patty and Rob and their infant son began forming a relationship this is called |
Bonding |
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Physician who specialises in delivering babies |
Obstetrician |
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Main factor used to determine the degree of risk faced by preterm babies |
Child's birth weight |
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When baby is born feet first |
Breech birth |
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Test given 24-36 hours after birth to assess newborns, neurological development, reflexes, and reactions |
Bragelton neonatal behavioural assessment |
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A low birth weight infant weighs less than |
5 1/2 LB |
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A way of holding a preterm infant so there is skin to skin contact |
Kangaroo care |
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Women who have strong feelings of sadness, anxiety or despair for at least a two week period after the post partum period suffer from |
Post partum depression |
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Principle states that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body |
Cephalocaudal |
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Principle that states different body systems grow at different rates |
Independence of systems |
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Basic nerve cells of the nervous system |
Neurons |
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A specific, limited time span during which the organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences related to some facet of development is known as |
Sensitive period |
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How long do newborns sleep on a daily basis |
16-17 hours |
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An unlearned, organized, involuntary response to stimulus |
Reflex |
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Obesity |
Weight is greater than 20% above the average for a given height |
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The active process of interpreting sensory information |
Perception |
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According to Jean Piaget infants acquire knowledge from |
Direct motor behavior |
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When an infant realizes something out of sight is not gone forever |
Object permanence |
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Approach that compares cognitive development to a computer |
Information processing approach |
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Process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and retrieved |
Memory |
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Two areas Bayley scales focus on |
Mental and motor skills |
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A child's understanding of the spoken or written word is called |
Linguistic comprehension |
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First words generally are spoken somewhere near the age of |
10 to 14 months |
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Theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning |
Learning theory |
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When infants display distress because their usual caregiver departs |
Separation anxiety |
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The intentional search for information to help explain the meaning of uncertain circumstances and events |
Social referencing |
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Children's knowledge and beliefs about the mental world is |
Theory of mind |
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Positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual |
Attachment |
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Harry Harlow classic study with cloth and wire monkeys illustrate that |
Food alone is insufficient to bring about attachment |
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What is Fred most likely to spend time doing with his newborn daughter |
Play with her |
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The sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another |
Personality |
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Erik Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage extends from |
Birth to 18 months |
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Preschool years are defined as the years between |
3 and 6 |
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Preschoolers are most at risk for |
Accidents |
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The process in which certain functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than the other is |
Lateralization |
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What is Jean Piaget second stage of intellectual development |
Preoperational period |
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Concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects |
Centration |
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If you try to recall your earliest memory it is most likely to be |
An event that occurred after the age of 3 |
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Who proposed the zone of proximal development |
Lew Vygotsky |
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The way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form sentences is |
Syntax |
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Set of beliefs about ourselves as individuals is called |
Self concept |
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Children in Western cultures are most likely to develop an independent view of the self which reflects |
Individualistic orientation |
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The fact that the corpus callosum is proportionally longer in women than in men has been suggested as evidence that gender differences may be produced |
Biological factors |
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According to Freud, girls identify with their mothers in order to resolve their |
Penis envy |
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Play that involves doing something for the sake of being active, rather than with the aim of creating some end product |
Functional |
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Parents who provide las and inconsistent feedback are |
Permissive |
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Child abuse occurs most frequently in |
Families living in stressful environment |
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The understanding of what another individual feels is called |
Empathy |
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Middle childhood extends from |
6 to 12 years |
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Between the ages of 6 to 8 increased myelin in the brain is reflected in |
Improved motor skills |
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Heath problem of middle school that has increased in incidence in the last several decades |
Asthma |
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Ron remains stuck in the early stages of reading, making errors such as confusing letters b and d what learning disability does he have |
Dyslexia |
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According to Piaget, what period of cognitive development occurs between 7 and 12 years of age, and is characterised by the active and appropriate use of logic |
Concrete operational stage |
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All of the following processes are necessary for a child to remember a piece of information except |
Decoding |
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Rules governing the use of language to communicate in a social context are |
Pragmatics |
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An intelligence test score showing the age groups with which a child's performance most closely compares is |
The mental age |
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Who compared intelligence to information processing |
Robert Sternberg |
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Goal of mainstreaming |
End segregation by intelligence |
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Desire to evaluate one's own behaviour, abilities, expertise and opinions by comparing them to those of others |
Social comparison |
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Your ability to see yourself as someone with specific positive and negative characteristics |
Self esteem |
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Which of Lawrence Kohlberg's level of morality do people follow unvarying rules based on rewards and punishment |
Preconventional |
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In early adulthood, the human senses |
Are as sharp as they will ever be |
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Senescence is |
Biological aging |
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A condition that substantially limits a major life activity is called a |
Disability |
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What is the most frequent cause of death for young adult African Americans |
Homicide |
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Law that mandates full access to public establishments |
American with Disabilities Act |
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The response to events that threaten or challenge us is called |
Stress |
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The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress is known as |
Coping |
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According to K. Warner Schaie young adults enter the |
Achieving stage |
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Intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modelling their behaviour |
Practical intelligence |
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Average age of community college students |
31 |
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Psychological timepiece that records the major milestones in a person's life |
Social clock |
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Erik Erikson's stages of development characterizes the crucial issued for young adults |
Intimacy versus isolation |
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Strong affection that we have for those whom our lives are deeply involved, such as our parents |
Companionate love |
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What kind of love has intimacy, passion, and commitment |
Passionate love |
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Tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion and other basic demographic characteristics |
Homogamy |
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Whose theory of career choice emphasises how an individual's personality affects decisions about a career |
John Holland |
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Individuals who would value good clerks, secretaries, and bank tells fit into what personality type described by John Holland |
Conventional |
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The evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group or society is |
Status |
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Notion that work is important in and of itself is known as the |
Puritan work ethic |
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Status associated with particular jobs affects people's satisfaction with their work. The higher the status of the job |
The more satisfied people tend to be |
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Middle adulthood extends from ages |
40-65 |
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What disease is associated with the loss of bone mass |
Osteoporosis |
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A condition where pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly, or because too much fluid is produced |
Glaucoma |
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What is the female climacteric |
Period of transition from being able to bear children to being unable |
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Estrogen replacement therapy is administered to alleviate the worst of symptoms in |
Menopausal women |
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Most common disease middle age men die from |
Heart disease |
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Josh is competitive, impatient, and tends to get frustrated easily and be hostile with others he has behaviour pattern |
Type A |
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Information processing capabilities reasoning and memory are part of |
fluid intelligence |
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The process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas is called |
Selective optimization |
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Type of memory is stored on a relatively permanent basis |
Long term memory |
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Middle adulthood corresponds with Erik Erikson's stage of |
Generativity-versus-stagnation |
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What approach suggests that the timing of particular events in an adults life, rather than age per se determines the course of personality development |
Normative crisis model |
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During Daniel Levinson's midlife transition, people confront the knowledge that |
They will be unable to accomplish all of their aims before they die |
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According to Daniel Levinson |
Females have more conflict between goals of career and family |
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For many couples, marital satisfaction begins to decline after the wedding and it continues to fall until it reaches its lowest point following the |
births of the couple's children |
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Divorce rate for second marriages |
Slightly higher than for first marriages |
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Young adults who return, after leaving home for some period, to live in the homes of their middle age parents |
Boomerang children |
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What grandparenting style is most actively engaged in grandparenting |
Involved |
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During what stage of marital aggression does physical abuse actually occur |
Acute battering incident |
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The emotional exhaustion that often affects middle-aged people in the helping professions |
Job strain |
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Specialist who study aging |
Gerontologists |
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Fastest growing segment of the US population |
Oldest old |
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Widely prevalent social attitude that overvalues youth and discriminates against the elderly |
Ageism |
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A condition in which cloudy or opaque areas on the lens of the eye interfere with passing light |
Cataracts |
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High blood pressure is also known as |
Hypertension |
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Confusion, forgetfulness, and declines in other mental functioning that may be associated with of age and are linked to a variety of primary and secondary causes is |
Dementia |
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Common form of dementia |
Alzheimer's |
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Theory that suggests that our body's DNA genetic code contains a built in time limit for the reproduction of human cells |
Genetic programming theory |
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Degree to which a developing structure or behaviour is susceptible to modification |
Plasticity |
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Memory of general knowledge and facts |
Semantic memory |
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Final stage of Erikson's theory of the life cycle |
Ego-integrity-versus despair |
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The point in life in which people examine and evaluate their lives is |
Life review |
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What theory suggests that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age |
Activity theory |
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A community that offers an environment in which all the residents are of retirement age or older and need various levels of care |
Continuing-care community |
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Psychological state in which people develop apathy, indifference, and a lack of caring about themselves |
Institutionalism |
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Facility that provides full time nursing care for people who have a chronic illness or recovering from a temporary medical condition |
Skilled nursing facility |
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During what retirement state does the retiree consider his/her options and become engaged in new, more fulfilling activities |
Reorientation |
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First stage of adjusting to widowhood |
Preparation |
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Kinds of social support that is most affective and appropriate in late adulthood |
Reciprocal relationships |
