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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nature |
Personal characteristics inherited |
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Nurture |
Brought about by the enviornment |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
Mental Processes Experimented Carefully measured observations |
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Introspection |
The examination of ones own mental and emotional processes |
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William James |
Developer of Functionalism |
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Functionalism |
what helps us survive as individuals, adapt as a species |
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Mary Calkins |
First female president of the APA, did not get her PhD because she was a female. |
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Behaviorism |
John B. Watson- experimented with conditioned responses. B. F. Skinner- saw little value in introspection |
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Sigmund Freud |
Sex, Mothers, childhood issues |
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Humanism |
studies people who are thriving rather than those who had psychological problems |
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Psychological Phenomena Perspectives Biological Influences: |
-Natural selection of adaptive traits -genetic predispositions responding to environment -brain mechanisms -hormonal influences |
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Psychological Phenomena Perspectives Psychological Influences: |
-learned fears and other learned expectations -emotional responses -cognitive processing and perpetual interpretations |
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Psychological Phenomena Perspectives Social-cultural Influences: |
-presence of others -cultural, societal, and family expectations -peer and other group influences -compelling models (such as media) |
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Neurons |
building blocks of the mind |
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Parts of the neurons Cell body: |
The cells life support center |
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Parts of the neurons Dendrites: |
receive messages from other cells |
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Parts of the neurons Axon: |
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
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Parts of the neurons Terminal branches of axons: |
form junctions with other cells |
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parts of the neurons Neural Impulse |
action potential electrical signal traveling down the axon |
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parts of the neurons Myelin sheath |
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses |
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nervous system |
systems that build the mind |
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Sensory neurons |
carry messages IN from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the CNS for processing |
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motor neurons |
carry instructions OUT from the CNS out to the body's tissues |
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Interneurons |
(in the brain and spinal cord) process information between the sensory input and motor output |
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EEG: electroencephalogram |
recording of electrical waves sweeping across the brains surface useful for studying seizures and sleep |
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PET: positron emission tomography |
allows us to see what part of the brain is active by tracing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
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MRI: magnetic resonance imaging |
makes images from signals produced by brain tissue after magnets align the spin of atoms |
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fMRI: functional mri |
reveals brain activity and function rather than structures |
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Thalamus |
"sensory switch board" except smell |
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The cross over |
one side of the body to the opposite side of the brain |
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Amygdala |
helps process emotions, especially fear and aggressions |
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Frontal Lobes |
speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments |
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Parietal Lobes |
include the sensory cortex |
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Occipital Lobes |
visual areas; receive visual information from the opposite visual field |
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Temporal Lobes |
include the auditory processing areas |
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Plasticity |
The brain can adapt |
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Corpus Callosum |
band of axons connection the hemispheres |
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Assimilate |
assuming everything is the same example, kids see every animal as a dog |
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accommodate |
knowing there are different kinds |
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attachment |
emotional tie to another person |
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Mary Ainesworth |
attachment styles |
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Secure attachment |
mild distress when mother leaves, seeking contact with her when she returns |
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Insecure attachment |
Anxious style-clinging to mother, screaming when she leaves, stays upset when she returns Avoidant style- doesn't seem to care |
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Authoritarian |
Too hard parenting |
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Permissive |
Too soft parenting |
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Authoritative |
Just right parenting |
