Psychology Exam 4

Front 1

These are chemicals that cause harm to an embryo

Back 1

teratogens

Front 2

He said that babies come pre-wired with fundamental language

Back 2

Noam Chomsky

Front 3

Made 4 stages of cognitive development

Back 3

Piaget

Front 4

These are the 4 stages of cognitive development

Back 4

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Front 5

In this stage of cognitive development children use senses and motor skills to learn about the world and develop object permanence.

Back 5

sensorimotor

Front 6

In this stage of cognitive development children use symbolic thinking to understand the world but remain egocentric and lack the metal operations that allow logical thinking.

Back 6

preoperational

Front 7

In this stage of cognitive development children gain cognitive operations for logical thinking but cannot reason abstractly.

Back 7

Concrete operational

Front 8

In this stage of cognitive development further development of cognitive operations enables adolescents to engage in abstract thinking and hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Back 8

formal operational

Front 9

Developed 8 psychological stages

Back 9

Erikson

Front 10

Psychological stage where infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs

Back 10

Trust vs. mistrust

Front 11

Psychological stage where children learn to be self-sufficient in many activities such as toilet raining, walking, and exploring. If restrained too much they start doubting abilities and feel shame.

Back 11

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Front 12

Psychological stage where children learn to assume more responsibility by taking initiative but will feel guilty if they overstep limits set by parents.

Back 12

Initiative vs. guilt

Front 13

Psychological stage where children learn to be competent by mastering new intellectual, social, and physical skills or feel inferior if they fail to develop these skills.

Back 13

Industry vs. inferiority

Front 14

Psychological stage where adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. No role experimentation may result in role confusion.

Back 14

Identity vs. role confusion

Front 15

Psychological stage where young adults form intimate relationships with others or become isolated because of a failure to do so.

Back 15

Intimacy vs. isolation

Front 16

Psychological stage where middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and child rearing, or they stagnate because they feel that they are not helping.

Back 16

Generativity vs. stagnation

Front 17

Psychological stage where older adults assess their lives and develop a sense of integrity if they find their lives have been meaningful and a sense of despair if their lives do not seem meaningful.

Back 17

Integrity vs. despair

Front 18

Developed a morality theory, stage theory of moral reasoning.

Back 18

Kohlberg

Front 19

Said we act on rewards and punishments

Back 19

Kohlberg

Front 20

the knowledge that the quantitative properties of objects remain the same despite change in appearance

Back 20

conservation

Front 21

the tendency ot focus on only one aspect of a problem at a time

Back 21

centration

Front 22

people of a given age are affected by factors unique to their generation, leading to differences in performance between generations

Back 22

cohort effects

Front 23

The first level of reasoning in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and looking out for your own welfare and needs.

Back 23

preconventional level of moral reasoning

Front 24

The first level of reasoning in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on social rules and laws

Back 24

conventional level of moral reasoning

Front 25

The first level of reasoning in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on self-chosen universal ethical principles (with human rights taking precedence over laws) and the avoidance of self-condemnation for violating such principles

Back 25

postconventional level of moral reasoning

Front 26

the set of innate tendencies or dispositions that lead a person to behave in certain ways

Back 26

temperament

Front 27

a style of parenting in which the parents are demanding, expect unquestioned obedience, are not responsive to their children's desires, and communicate poorly with their children

Back 27

authoritarian parenting

Front 28

a style of parenting in which the parents are demanding but set rational limits for their children and communicate well with their children

Back 28

authoritative parenting

Front 29

a style of parenting in which the parents make few demands and are overly responsive to their children's desires, letting their children do pretty much as they please.

Back 29

permissive parenting

Front 30

a style of parenting in which the parents minimize both the time they spend with their children and their emotional involvement with them and provide for their children's basic needs, but little else

Back 30

uninvolved parenting

Front 31

Developed theory of death and dying

Back 31

Kubler Ross

Front 32

Stages of death and dying

Back 32

1) Denial
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance

Front 33

Said personality develops because of fight between ID and superego

Back 33

Freud

Front 34

part of the personality that person is born with, where the biological instinctual drives reside and that is located totally in the unconscious mind

Back 34

id

Front 35

the part of the personality that starts developing in the first year or so of life to find realistic outlets for the id's instinctual drives

Back 35

ego

Front 36

playful child part of personality

Back 36

id

Front 37

critical parent part of personality

Back 37

superego

Front 38

tries to keep the id and superego balanced

Back 38

ego

Front 39

part of personality that represents one's conscience and idealized standards of behavior

Back 39

superego

Front 40

These were neo-freudians

Back 40

Adler, Horney, Jung

Front 41

Said personality developed from a feeling of inferiority

Back 41

Adler

Front 42

Said personality was shaped by feelings of helplessness and insecurity

Back 42

Horney

Front 43

Said personality comes from a combination of our collective unconscious and what we think of ourselves

Back 43

Jung

Front 44

A test that gives a patient an ambiguous picture and is asked to explain it

Back 44

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Front 45

Fairly stable units of personality that persist over time

Back 45

traits

Front 46

____ + _____ = behavior

Back 46

traits + situation

Front 47

Test designed to find mental disorders

Back 47

MMPI

Front 48

Test for mentally healthy people

Back 48

CPI

Front 49

Personality develops from our feelings about ourself, self-esteem, inborn capacity to grow, reach our full potential

Back 49

Huamanistic (Maslo)

Front 50

Our personality develops because our conflicts between our pleasure seeking and our social restraint

Back 50

Psychoanalytic

Front 51

Our personality develoips because we are biologically influenced by certain characteristics that determine our behavior

Back 51

Traits

Front 52

Behind humanistic personality theory

Back 52

Maslo

Front 53

Behind psychoanalytic personality theory

Back 53

Freud