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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parts of neruons |
Dendrite Cell body Axon |
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Dendrite |
Receives messages from other neurons |
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Cell body |
contains nucleus regular cell metabolism |
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Axon |
conduct electrical impulse away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, and glands |
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Basics of Neuron Firing |
Sends incoming signals to dendrites Reach Neuron's threshold Neurons sends electrochemical signal down the Axon. Signal reaches terminal buttons Terminal buttons emit Neurotransmitters int he synapses |
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Resting Potential |
When a nerve cell is not firing Polarized- between inside and outside voltages about -70 millivolt |
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What happens when impulse start? |
Resting potential drops until potential reaches threshold (-55 millivolts) |
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Action Potential |
Potential collapses and axon interior briefly becomes positive relative to the outside Sodium ions rush in Lasts about 1 millisecond before resting stage kicks in |
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Neuron Transmission |
AP rule shoots down axon Vesicles open into the synapse Vesicles release neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter bind to dendrites of the next neuron Next neuron becomes more/less likely to fire |
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Graded Potential vs.Action Potential |
Changes in membrane potential that vary in size as opposed to Action Potential- all or nothing Graded potentials add up until an action potential occurs in the post -synaptic membrane |
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Action Potential |
1.Signals to the Dendrites 2.Reach the neuron's threshold 3.Neuron emits an electrochemical signal down the axon 4.Signal reaches terminal button 5.Terminal button release neurotransmitters into the synapse 6.Other neurons receive the input |
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3 Divisions of the Brain |
Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain |
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Hindbrain parts |
Medulla Oblaganta |
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Medulla Oblaganta |
Part of Hindbrain control heartbeats |
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Pons |
Part of Hindbrain play a role in arousal and sleep |
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Reticular Formation |
Part of Hindbrain arousal sleep attention |
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Cerbellum |
Part of Hindbrain Responsible for balance and coordiantion |
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Midbrain |
Relay point for vision and pain registration |
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Forebrain |
Responsible for limbic system Cerebral cortex |
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4 Lobes of Cerebral Cortex |
Front Lobe-front Parietal Lobe-top side Temporal Lobe-lower side Occipital lobe-back side |
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Occipital Lobe |
Receives input from optic nerve Primary visual cortex Outputs to parietal and temporal lobe |
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Temporal Lobe |
Primary auditory cortex Input auditory and visual pattern Recognize Speech,Face,Word, Form Memory |
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Parietal Lobe |
Input from Multiple Senses Outputs to frontal Lobe Responsible for: eye-hand coordination eye movements attention |
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Frontal Lobe |
Primary Motor Cortex No direct sensory input Responsible for planning Contains Broca's area for language expression |
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Where does occipital lobe receive info? Which cotex? |
Receive info from the eyes Primary visual cortex |
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Where does the temporal lobe receive info? Which cortex? |
Receives info from the ears Auditory cortex |
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Where does the parietal lobe receive info? Which cortex? |
Receives info from the body Somatosensory cortex |
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Where is the motor cortex located? |
It is a strip located between the frontal and parietal lobe. |
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Function of Language areas |
produce and comprehend speech |
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Function of Broca's area |
fluent language expression |
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Function of Wernickes Area |
language reception/comprehension |
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Association and Language Areas |
Communicate with both sensory and motor areas. House brain's higher mental processes. |
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Frontal Lobe Function |
Thinking, Planning, Organizing, Problem Solving, Emotions, Behavior, Personality |
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Motor Cortex Function |
Responsible for movement |
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Sensory Cortex Function |
Responsible for sensation |
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Parietal Lobe Function |
Perception Making sense f the world |
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Occipital Lobe Function |
Vision |
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Cerebellum Function |
Balance |
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Spinal Cord Function |
Carry messages |
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Temporal Lobe Function |
Memory, understanding, and language |
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Cerebral Cortex Hemisphere |
Left and Right sides are seperate Corpus Callosum- pathway between 2 hemispheres |
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Hemispheric Specialization |
Left hemisphere-Verbal functioning Right hemisphere-non-verbal functioning(music and math) Never 100% Involves Contralateral Control |
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What is contralateral control? |
Sensory data crosses over corpus callosum pathway Left visual cortex to right visual cortex, vice-versa |
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Agnosia |
A brain injury that messes with your perception of the world |
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Apraxia |
A brain injury that messes with voluntary actions |
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Aphasia |
A brain injury that messes with language Broca's Aphasia- Left frontal lobe Wernicke's Aphasia- Left hemisphere region. |
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Controlateral Motor Control |
Motor area controls movement Right hemisphere controls left body side Left hemisphere controls right body side Motor nerves cross sides in spinal cord |
