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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the belief life is a blank slate; all knowledge comes from experience & observation
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Empiricism
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to study conscious experience and it's structure
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structuralism
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study how the mind works in allowing an organism to adapt to the enviroment
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functionalism
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study only OBSERVABLE behavior and explain via learning principles
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behaviorism
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associated with structralism
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titncher & wunt
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who is associated with functionalism
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james
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who is associated with behaviorism
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watson and skinner
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psychology is from what 2 fields
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psysiology and philosophy
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(approach) emphasizes activity of the nervous system especially of the brain;the action of hormones and other chemicals; and genetics
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biological
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(approach)emphasizes the way in which behavior and mental processes are adaptive for survival
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evolutionary
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(approach) emphasizes internal conflicts, mostly unconscious, which usually put sexual or aggressive instincts against enviromental obtacles to their expression
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psychodynamic
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*approach) emphasizes learning especially each persons experience with reward and punishment
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behavior
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(approach)emphasizes mechanisms thru which people recieve, store, retrieve and otherwise process info
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cognitive
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(approach) emphasizes individual potenetial for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior and mental processes
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humanistic
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a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
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learning
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unconditioned stimulus&respons; association; dog
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classical conditioning
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resonse and consequence;behavior is changed by consequence;skinner box
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operant conditoning
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imitation; parents are a model for children;bobo doll
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observational conditioning
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associated with classical conditioning
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pavlov
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associated with oberant conditioning
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thorndike (law of effect)
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the unlearned, natural response to a stimulus
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unconditioned response
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an originally neutral stumulus that now triggers a conditions response
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conditioned stimulus
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the gradual disapperance of a conditioned response
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extinction
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the response triggered by the conditioned stimulus
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conditioned response
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a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimilus will also trigger a version of the response
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stimulus generalization
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the temporary reapperance of of a conditioned response after extinction
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spontaneous recovery
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a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus are pared. the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by eliciting a conditioned response
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acquistion
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reinforcing successive approximations-responses that come successfully closer to the desired outcome
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shaping
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associated with observational learning
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bandura
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bobo doll
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obserivaitional learning-kids watched adults beat up a bobo doll, those who saw the adults praised weremore likely to show aggression & vise versa
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is observational learning just in humans?
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NO
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the mental processes that enable us to acquire , retain and retrieve info
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memory
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puts info to be remembered into a form that our memory system can use
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encoding
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holding info in your brain over time
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storage
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find info in your memory and bring it into consciousness
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retrival
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process of repetition to remember
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maintenance rehearsal
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holds info just long enough for it to be processed further; 2 seconds
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sensory memory
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holds info for up to about 18 seconds
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short-term memory
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part of memory system whose encoding and storage capabilities can produce memories that last a lifetime
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long term memory
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part of memory that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate the info being held in short term memory
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working memory
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amount of info you can remember in short term memory;miller
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7+/-2
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