Psychology Consciousness

Front 1

behavioralists view on consciousness

Back 1

consciousness cannot be studied
caused 30 year break in study/research

Front 2

Why resurgence in the 1960s?

Back 2

Psychologists needed to understand

*and cognitive neuroscience which brought all fields of psychology together

Front 3

three main functions of the consciousness

Back 3

1. restriction function: limits info intake so you are not overloaded
2. selective storage: meeting place-- making connections with emotions you've already felt.
3. executive control: allows us to manipulate the world around us-- problem solving, alternative solutions

Front 4

conscious continuum

Back 4

controlled processing ->
autonomic processing->
daydreaming->
meditation->
sleep & dreaming->
coma & unconsciousness

Front 5

where autonomic behaviors are stored

Back 5

stored in the preconscious level

i.e. brushing teeth, riding a bike

Front 6

subliminal perception

Back 6

perception processing that occurs when we are presented with stimuli so quickly we are not aware of it

Front 7

Freud's basic view on the unconscious

Back 7

subliminal perception

info is stored because it is too difficult to deal with consciously

Front 8

sleep cycle throughout the night

Back 8

1st: light sleep, breathing and heart rate slow
2nd: as body moves deeper into sleep brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency - this is slow-wave-sleep

SWS for 30 minutes then move back through lighter stages

5th: when you reach what should be 1st stage you go into REM

Front 9

REM vs. NREM

Back 9

REM is relatively deep sleep, rapid eye movement, high frequency low amplitude brain waves, vivid dreaming

NREM has no rapid eye movement, stages 1-4, little dreaming

Front 10

paradoxical sleep

Back 10

during REM, summed activity of the brain's neurons is similar to that during waking hours - no dominating brain waves

Front 11

cataplexy

Back 11

a medical condition which often affects people who have narcolepsy, a disorder whose signs are sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, disturbed night-time sleep

Front 12

age trends in patterns of sleep

Back 12

new born babies in REM more than adults.

REM continues decreasing until it levels off at about 20%

proportions of REM remain fairly stable

percent of SWS decline

Front 13

effects of complete and partial sleep deprivation

Back 13

negative effects are most likely when subjects are asked to work long, monotonous tasks

accidents, reaction time

Front 14

effects of selective deprivation of REM and SWS

Back 14

REM- no discernible impact on daytime, causes one to have rebound effect. spend more time in REM

SWS- same as above

Front 15

causes and effects of insomnia

Back 15

causes of insomnia: excessive anxiety, side effects of emotional problems, health problems (ulcers, back pain)

effects: daytime fatigue, impaired functioning, elevated risk for accidents, reduced productivity, absenteeism, depression, increased health problems

Front 16

narcolepsy

Back 16

disease marked by sudden irresistible onset of sleep during normal waking hours

Front 17

sleep apnea

Back 17

frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep

Front 18

nightmares

Back 18

anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening usually from REM

Front 19

night terrors

Back 19

abrupt awakenings from NREM accompanied by intense feelings of panic

Front 20

somnambulism

Back 20

sleep walking

Front 21

Calvin Hall's view on dreams

Back 21

dreams are mundane and tend to unfold in familiar settings with family and friends as characters

Front 22

Sigmund Freud's view on dreams

Back 22

contents of waking life spill into dreams

"dreams are royal road to the unconscious"

Front 23

Rosalind Cartwright's view on dreams

Back 23

restore our sense of competance

in times of stress dreams have more work to do in resolving problems

Front 24

activation-synthesis model

Back 24

proposes that dreams are side effects of neural activation that produces "wide awake" brain waves during REM sleep

neurons firing periodically in lower brain centers send random signals to cortex -> cortex synthesizes dream to make sense of signals

Front 25

Singer and McCraven's daydream study found...

Back 25

daydreaming decreases with age

young adults daydream the most

Front 26

biological nature of light on circadian rhythms

Back 26

light -> retina to hypothalamus -> superchasmatic nucleus to pineal gland -> pineal secretes melatonin

Front 27

jet lag

Back 27

interruption in circadian cycle resulting in fatigue, sleepiness, cognitive deficits

easier to fly W -> E

Front 28

relationship between consciousness and EEG

Back 28

Beta: awake
Alpha: drowsy, relaxed
Theta: deep relaxation, meditation
Delta: deep, dreamless sleep

Front 29

benefits of meditation

Back 29

reducing stress, enhanced immune response, improved mental health, reduced anxiety & drug abuse

beneficial on blood pressure, self-esteem, mood

Front 30

biggest factor of hypnosis

Back 30

patient's susceptibility

Front 31

4 prominent effects of hypnosis

Back 31

1.anesthesia: keep away pain
2.sensory distortion
3.disinhibition
4.post hypnotic suggestion

Front 32

Hillgard's work on hidden observer

Back 32

split consciousness into two streams

one stream communicates with hypnotist and external world
the other is difficult to detect "hidden observer"

Front 33

role-playing

Back 33

people being hypnotized behave as they think a hypnotized person shoul

Front 34

altered-state

Back 34

hypnotic effects are attributed to a special altered state of consciousness

doubtful that role playing can explain all hypnotic phenomena

Front 35

psychoactive drugs

Back 35

chemical substances that modify mental, emotional or behavioral functioning

Front 36

narcotics/opiates

Back 36

capable of relieving pain

can produce overwhelming sense of euphoria

Front 37

sedatives

Back 37

sleep inducing drugs tend to lead to CNS activation and behavioral activity

produces euphoria similar to alcohol
loosened inhibition, drowsiness

Front 38

stimulants

Back 38

tend to increase CNS activation and behavioral activity

produce buoyant, elated, energetic euphoria and increased alertness

Front 39

hallucinogens

Back 39

powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience

euphoria, increased sensory awareness

Front 40

why do drug effects vary?

Back 40

depends on users age, mood, motivation, personality, previous experience with drug, body weight, physiology, method of administration, setting, expectations, tolerance

Front 41

4 prominent effects of hypnosis

Back 41

1.anesthesia: keep away pain
2.sensory distortion
3.disinhibition
4.post hypnotic suggestion

Front 42

Hillgard's work on hidden observer

Back 42

split consciousness into two streams

one stream communicates with hypnotist and external world
the other is difficult to detect "hidden observer"

Front 43

role-playing

Back 43

people being hypnotized behave as they think a hypnotized person shoul

Front 44

altered-state

Back 44

hypnotic effects are attributed to a special altered state of consciousness

doubtful that role playing can explain all hypnotic phenomena

Front 45

psychoactive drugs

Back 45

chemical substances that modify mental, emotional or behavioral functioning

Front 46

narcotics/opiates

Back 46

capable of relieving pain

can produce overwhelming sense of euphoria

Front 47

sedatives

Back 47

sleep inducing drugs tend to lead to CNS activation and behavioral activity

produces euphoria similar to alcohol
loosened inhibition, drowsiness

Front 48

stimulants

Back 48

tend to increase CNS activation and behavioral activity

produce buoyant, elated, energetic euphoria and increased alertness

Front 49

hallucinogens

Back 49

powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience

euphoria, increased sensory awareness

Front 50

why do drug effects vary?

Back 50

depends on users age, mood, motivation, personality, previous experience with drug, body weight, physiology, method of administration, setting, expectations, tolerance

Front 51

how do psychoactive drugs exert effects

Back 51

work by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain

Front 52

tolerance

Back 52

decrease in responsivenes to a drug

Front 53

physical dependence

Back 53

person must take drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Front 54

psychological dependence

Back 54

person must take drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving

Front 55

controversies about marijuana health risks

Back 55

respiratory/pulmonary disease, head/neck cancer, accidents

reduced immune response, impotence and sterility, cognitive functioning

Front 56

MDMA

Back 56

stroke, heart attack, seizures, liver damage, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety