Psychology Cognition - Memory Traces And Memory Schemas Floccinaucinihilipilification

Front 1

Freud's mystic writing pad

Back 1

(analogy) memory is like a children's writing pad. Perception is the traces made on the top layer, and memory is the black wax paper behind that keeps the cumulative traces of everything.

Front 2

Reappearance hypothesis

Back 2

Remembering is re-experiencing the past.

Front 3

Memory traces vs memory schemas

Back 3

MT: accurate
MS: innacurate
Memory is not always a correct rendition of what happened

Front 4

Flashblulb memories

Back 4

The memory of an important event and all sorts of info' concerning it that is thought to be well preserved in memory.
Flashbulb memories aren't actually that accurate, but people report being very confident about what they remember of it.

Front 5

Now print theory

Back 5

Information is processed in this sequence:
Degree of surprise, Degree of consequentiality, rehearsal and flashbulb accounts. The lower a memory is on each scale, the less it is passed on to the next.

Front 6

Consolidation theory

Back 6

Memory traces of an event are only fully formed some time after that event.
Memories can be modified before being stored.

Front 7

Hippocampus

Back 7

Part of the brain in charge for consolidation of memory traces and the transfer between STM and LTM.

Front 8

Reconsolidation hypothesis

Back 8

Process whereby a memory trace is revised and undergoes consolidation again.
This is a step during which a memory can be altered.

Front 9

Method of repeated reproduction vs method of serial reproduction

Back 9

MRR: A participant is given multiple opportunities to recall something over time.
MSR: Téléphone arabe on a story.

Front 10

Rationalization

Back 10

The attempt to make environmental memory as coherent and sensible as possible.

Front 11

Body schema (a.k.a. body image)

Back 11

One's schematic representation of one's limbs in space.
Some people believe it's part of the haptic sense (touch).

Front 12

Penfield homunculus (a.k.a. cortical humonculus)

Back 12

The portion of the human brain directly responsible for the movement and exchange of sense and motor information of the rest of the body.

Front 13

Plasticity

Back 13

Our cortical homunculus is not fixed, parts of it can be reattributed.
Reattribution of parts of the homunculus pertaining to a missing limb is what creates a phantom limb.

Front 14

Memory's four processes

Back 14

1. Selection
2. Abstraction
3. Interpretation
4. Integration

Front 15

(Memory's four processes) Selection

Back 15

(hypothesis) we select information both when we encode and when we retrieve it, depending on our objective. By changing our objective, we change what we remember.

Front 16

(Memory's four processes) Abstraction

Back 16

(hypothesis) we tend to remember the gist of events/stories rather than the detail of it.

Front 17

(Memory's four processes) Interpretation

Back 17

(hypothesis) we interpret information by making inferences, we then remember the inferences as part of the general information (example of the roman number clock)
Based on the premise that memory is reconstructive

Front 18

(Memory's four processes) Integration

Back 18

(hypothesis) we abstract the meaning of an event then put that meaning together with the rest of our knowledge to form a coherent, consistent whole.

Front 19

Misinformation effect

Back 19

(hypothesis) Misleading information about a past event can be integrated with memory for the general event.
Our memory really sucks.

Front 20

Source monitoring framework theory

Back 20

Process whereby people may or may not succeed to distinguish between a real and an imaginary event.
Waaah, that makes us such bad eyewitnesses.

Front 21

Scripts

Back 21

Expectations concerning the actions and events that are appropriate in a particular situation.

Front 22

Life scripts

Back 22

Culturally provided narratives that guide autobiographical memories and prescribes the ages for important events in an individual's life.
People tend to remember particularly well events that are part of their life script.

Front 23

Depth of processing

Back 23

Continuum that ranges from an analysis of an event in terms of what it looks like to deeply understanding the event.
The more deeply an event is processed, the better it is remembered.

Front 24

Elaboration

Back 24

Amount of extra processing one does that results in additional, related or redundant material.

Front 25

Distinctiveness

Back 25

How precisely an item is encoded (remembering cabbage as being a vegetable vs. remembering it as being food)
The more precisely an item is encoded, the better it is remembered

Front 26

General and specific levels of representation

Back 26

As people age, they tend to forget details of events/stories but not their general ideas.
Not all memory decays with age.

Front 27

Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve

Back 27

A graph of % remembered over time of shape f(x) = 1/x
Jost's law

Front 28

Jost's law of forgetting

Back 28

Of 2 memory traces of equal strength, the younger one will decay faster.
This may be due to consolidation.

Front 29

Law of progression and pathologies

Back 29

Last in, first out.
Whatever that means.

Front 30

Permastore

Back 30

(hypothesis by Bahrick) Relatively permanent state of memory over very long periods of time. i.e. after some time, memory stops decaying.