Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Social Psychology
|
The scientific study of how we influence one another’s behavior and thinking
|
Social psychology’s focus is on how situational forces influence our behavior and thinking
|
|
|
The Sherif Study and Informational Social Influence
|
Participants, who thought they were in a visual perception experiment, were placed in a completely dark room and exposed to a stationary point of light, and their task was to estimate the distance this light moved (autokinetic effect)
|
Participants are alone (one session), then with other two.
Estimates vary greatly during first session but converge during the last 3 |
|
|
The Asch Study and
Normative Social Influence
|
About 75% of the participants gave an obviously wrong answer at least once, and overall, conformity occurred 37% of the time
|
This conformity occurred despite the fact the “correct” answer, unlike in Sherif’s study, was obvious
|
|
|
Milgram’s Basic
Experimental Paradigm
|
The experimenter tells you both that the study is examining the effects of punishment by electric shock on learning, and specifically learning a list of word pairs
|
Almost two out of every three participants (65%) continued to obey the experimenter and administered the maximum possible shock of 450 volts
|
|
|
The Bystander Effect
|
Darley and Latané (1968) did an experiment in which college students were told they are going to participate in a discussion of college adjustment problems over an intercom system
|
Thus, participants could only hear each other, not see each other
|
|
|
Group Polarization
|
The strengthening of a group’s prevailing opinion about a topic following group discussion of the topic
|
|
|
|
Groupthink
|
A mode of group thinking that impairs decision making
|
The desire for group harmony overrides a realistic appraisal of the possible decisions
Leads to an illusion of infallibility, the belief that the group cannot make mistakes |
|
|
Informational Social influence
|
This pattern of results suggest an influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain
|
|
|
|
Normative Social influence
|
Influence stemming from our desire to gain the approval and to avoid the disapproval of other people (Asch)
|
|
|
|
Social loafing
|
occurs when people are pooling their efforts to achieve a common goal
|
It is the tendency for people to exert less effort when working toward a common goal in a group than when individually accountable
|
|
|
diffusion of responsibility
|
A major reason why social loafing occurs is the
|
|
|
|
bystander effect
|
holds that the probability of an
individual helping in an emergency is greater when there is only one bystander than when there are many bystanders
|
Darley and Latané (1968) did an experiment in which college students were told they are going to participate in a discussion of college adjustment problems over an intercom system
|
