Psychology Chpt 5

Front 1

3 stages of memory in order

Back 1

Sensory memory
Short term memory
long term memory

Front 2

Consists of a set of five registers (temporary storage places, one from each sense) for incoming sensory information from the physical environment.

Back 2

Sensory memory

Front 3

Is the memory stage in which the recognized information from sensory memory enters consciousness

Back 3

short term memory
Lost in 30 seconds unless rehearsed

Front 4

are memories for factual knowledge

Back 4

Semantic memories

Front 5

are memories for personal life experiences

Back 5

Episodic memories

Front 6

is long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences and requires conscious recall

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Declarative memory

Front 7

Two types of Declarative memory

Back 7

episodic and semantic

Front 8

is long-term memory that does not require conscious awareness or declarative statements

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Implicit memory or
non declarative memory

Front 9

the inability to form long-term memories for events following brain surgery or trauma

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anterograde amnesia

Front 10

is the inability to remember events before, especially just before, the surgery or trauma

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retrograde amnesia

Front 11

are people with severe memory deficits following brain surgery or injury

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Amnesias

Front 12

the superior recall of the early portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one-trial free recall task

Back 12

primary effect

Front 13

the superior recall of the latter portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in one-trial free recall task

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recency effect

Front 14

Three levels of processing

Back 14

Physical or Structural:
Acoustic or Phonemic
Semantic

Front 15

Describes what types of 
encoding lead to better 
retrieval

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Levels-of-Processing Theory

Front 16

Levels-of-Processing Theory
How information 
appears

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Physical or Structural:

Front 17

Levels-of-Processing Theory
How the information sounds

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Acoustic or Phonemic

Front 18

Levels-of-Processing Theory
What the information means

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Semantic

Front 19

is a measure of retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues

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Recall

Front 20

is a measure of retrieval that only requires the identification of the information in the presence of retrieval cues

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Recognition

Front 21

says that sometimes forgetting is not really forgetting, but rather that the information never entered long-term memory in the first place

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Encoding failure theory

Front 22

suggests that forgetting occurs because of a problem in the storage of the information

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Storage decay theory

Front 23

says we 
forget because the cues necessary for retrieval are not available

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Cue-dependent theory

Front 24

proposes that other similar information interferes and makes the forgotten information inaccessible

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Interference theory

Front 25

Types of Interference

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Proactive interference
Retroactive interference

Front 26

Types of Interference
occurs when information you already know makes it hard to retrieve newly learned information

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Proactive interference

Front 27

Types of Interference
occurs when information you just learned makes it hard to retrieve old information

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Retroactive interference

Front 28

which are inaccurate memories that feel as real as accurate memories.

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false memories

Front 29

organized frameworks of knowledge about people, objects, and events that tell us what normally happens in a given situation

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schemas

Front 30

information so that it is more consistent with our schemas

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misremember

Front 31

is an experimental procedure in which participants are given a list of words one at a time, then asked to recall them in any order they wish

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free recall task

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Lack of (explicit, episodic) memory for the first 3 years of life

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Infantile Amnesia

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transferring info to a storage

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Encoding

Front 34

Is an exact copy of visual information

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Iconic Memory
Less than a second in duration
Very large capacity

Front 35

is the average number of items you can remember across a series of memory span trials

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memory span:
memory span of 7+/- 2 chunks

Front 36

is a meaningful unit of information

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Chunk

Front 37

Duration of Short-Term Memory is Measured using the

Back 37

distractor task
in which people are given a small amount of information