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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychoanalysis
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Psychological theory that human mental processes are influenced by the competition between unconscious forces to come into awareness.
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EEG or ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
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Record brain activity, or brain waves, from the surface of the scalp. Pinpointing the location of the activity using this method can only be done in a general sense.
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fMRI or functional magnetic resonance imaging
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Allows for detection of changes in blood flow, a presumed indicator of changes in the activity of neurons.
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
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Astrocyte
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any of the star-shaped cells in the tissue supporting the brain and spinal cord (neuroglia)
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Astroglia
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Most are shaped like stars. Important for creating the blood-brain barrier, a system that monitors the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain, and for regulating the flow of the blood into regions with changes in neuronal activity.
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Microglia
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Important for cleaning up the debris of dead cells so that brain regions can continue with their normal functioning. Microglia are an important brain defense against infection and illness.
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How many neurons does the nervous system contain?
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Billions of neurons. Brain contains 100 billion neurons.
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* What is the sequence of the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another? *
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Neurons communicate by chemical and electrical synapses in a process known as synaptic transmission. The fundamental process that triggers synaptic transmission is the action potential, a propagating electrical signal that is generated by exploiting the electrically excitable membrane of the neuron. This is also known as a wave of depolarization.
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Insula
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A region of the cortex that is located beneath the frontal cortex, it plays a key role in empathy and in reading others. The insula is activated when we observe others in physical or emotional pain and immediately feel that pain ourselves. Part of the cortex that receives taste information. Is also associated with the emotion of disgust.
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Gustatory Receptors
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Taste Receptors. Four major kinds are sweet, sour, bitter, and salt. Umami (MSG)
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Anosmia
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Inability to smell.
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Gender differences in olfaction.
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Research suggests females generally are more sensitive to smell.
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Consciousness
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Immediate awareness of our internal and external states.
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Blindsight
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Weiskrantz and others have concluded that the areas of the brain that help us attend to visual stimuli are different from the visual areas in the cerebral cortex that help us to be aware that we are attending to stimuli.
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Sense of Self Experiment
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Babies who developed a sense of self would see the makeup and touch their foreheads, the others would touch the mirror. Most children establish sense of self at 18 months of age.
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Subconscious
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existing or operating in the mind beneath or beyond consciousness
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What disorders is hypnosis most helpful in treating?
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Anxiety, Skin Diseases, asthma, insomnia, stuttering, high blood pressure, warts, weight loss.
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Yoga
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Best known practice of meditation that occurs in modern society.
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What brain area demonstrates changes in neuronal activity during sleep?
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Reticular formation, pons, forbrain region
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Diurnal Rhythm
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Biological circadian rhythm that synchronizes with day-night cycle is diurnal rhythm.
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As sleepers enter deeper sleep stages, what happens to their brain waves?
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Brain waves become less and less frequent, and at the same time, larger and larger.
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Sensitization
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the process of becoming susceptible to a given stimulus that previously had no effect or significance.
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Pavlov
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Experiment on dogs that developed Classical Conditioning.
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