Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Memory
|
the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
|
|
Recall
|
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
|
|
Recognition
|
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test.
|
|
Relearning
|
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again.
|
|
Encoding
|
The processing of information into the memory system-for example, by extracting meaning
|
|
Storage
|
The retention of encoded information over time
|
|
Retrieval
|
The process of getting information out of memory storage
|
|
Sensory Memory
|
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
|
|
Short-term memory
|
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number while dialling, before the information is stored or forgotten
|
|
Long-term Memory
|
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences
|
|
Working Memory
|
A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming, auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
|
|
Explicit Memory
|
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and 'declare'.
|
|
Effortful Processing
|
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
|
|
Automatic Processing
|
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
|
|
Implicit Memory
|
Retention independent of conscious recollection
|
|
Iconic Memory
|
A momentary sensort memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
|
|
Echoic Memory
|
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
|
|
Chunking
|
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
|
|
Mnemonics
|
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
|
|
Spacing effects
|
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
|
|
Testing Effect
|
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information.
|
|
Shallow Processing
|
Encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words
|
|
Deep Processing
|
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
|
|
Hippocampus
|
A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
|
|
Flashbulb Memory
|
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
|
|
Long-term Potentiation
|
An increase in a cell's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
|
|
Priming
|
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
|
|
Mood-Congruent Memory
|
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
|
|
Serial Position Effect
|
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
|
|
Anterograde Amnesia
|
An inability to form new memories
|
|
Retrograde Amnesia
|
An inability to retrieve information from one's past
|
|
Proactive interference
|
The disruption effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
|
|
Retroactive interference
|
The disruption effect of new learning on the recall of old information
|
|
Repression
|
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories
|
|
Misinformation effect
|
Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
|
|
Source amnesia
|
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about or imagined. At the heart of many false memories
|
|
Deja Vu
|
That eerie sense that "i've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
|