Psychology Chapter 7

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

the capacity of the nervous system to acquire and retain usable skills and knowledge, allowing living organisms to benefit from experience

Front 2

Modal Memory Model

Back 2

the 3-stage memory system that involves sensory memory, STM, & LTM

Front 3

Sensory Memory

Back 3

memory for sensory info that is stored briefly in its original sensory form

Front 4

Short-term Memory(STM)

Back 4

a limited-capacity memory system that holds info in awareness for a brief period of time

Front 5

Working Memory

Back 5

an active processing system that keeps different types of info available for current use

Front 6

Long-term Memory(LTM)

Back 6

the relatively permanent storage of info

Front 7

Serial Position Effect

Back 7

the ability to recall items from a list depends on order of presentation, with items presented early or late in the list remembered better than those in the middle

Front 8

Primacy effect

Back 8

in a list, the better memory for items presented first

Front 9

Recency Effect

Back 9

in a list, the better memory for words presented later in the list

Front 10

Explicit Memory

Back 10

the processes involved when people remember specific information

Front 11

Declarative Memory

Back 11

the cognitive info retrieved from explicit memory, knowledge that can be declared

Front 12

Episodic Memory

Back 12

memory for one’s personal past experiences

Front 13

Semantic Memory

Back 13

memory for knowledge about the world

Front 14

Implicit Memory

Back 14

the process by which people show an enhancement of memory, most often through behavior, w/o deliberate effort & w/o any awareness that they are remembering anything

Front 15

Procedural Memory

Back 15

a type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits

Front 16

Repetition Priming

Back 16

the improvement in identifying or processing a stimulus that has previously been experienced

Front 17

Encoding

Back 17

the processing of info so that it can be stored

Front 18

Storage

Back 18

the retention of encoded representations over time that corresponds to some change in the nervous system that registers the event

Front 19

Retrieval

Back 19

the act of recalling or remembering stored information in order to use it

Front 20

Maintenance Rehearsal

Back 20

a type of encoding that involves continually repeating an item

Front 21

Elaborative Rehearsal

Back 21

the encoding of info in a more meaningful fashion, such as linking it to knowledge in LTM

Front 22

Schema

Back 22

a hypothetical cognitive structure that helps us perceives, organize, process, and use info

Front 23

Encoding Specificity Principle

Back 23

any stimulus that is encoded along w/ an experience can later trigger memory for the experience

Front 24

Consolidation

Back 24

a hypothetical process involving the transfer of contents form immediate memory into LTM

Front 25

Spatial Memory

Back 25

memory for the physical environment that includes such things as location of objects, direction, and cognitive maps

Front 26

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 26

a mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

Front 27

Forgetting

Back 27

the inability to retrieve memory form long-term storage

Front 28

Transience

Back 28

the pattern of forgetting over time

Front 29

Proactive Interference

Back 29

when prior info inhibits the ability to remember new info

Front 30

Retroactive Interference

Back 30

when new info inhibits the ability to remember old info

Front 31

Blocking

Back 31

the temporary inability to remember something that is known

Front 32

Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenom

Back 32

when people experience great frustration as they try to recall specific words that are somewhat obscure

Front 33

Absentmindedness

Back 33

the inattentive or shallow encoding of events

Front 34

Amnesia

Back 34

deficits in LTM that result from disease, brain injury, or psychological trauma

Front 35

Retrograde Amnesia

Back 35

the condition in which people lose past memories, such as memories for events, facts, people, or even personal info

Front 36

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 36

an inability to form new memories

Front 37

Flashbulb Memories

Back 37

vivid memories for the circumstances in which one first learned of a surprising, consequential, and emotionally arousing event

Front 38

Source Misattributions

Back 38

memory distortions that occur when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved w/ a memory

Front 39

Cryptomnesia

Back 39

a type of misappropriation that occurs when people think they have come up with a new idea, yet have only retrieved a stored idea and failed to attribute the idea to its proper source

Front 40

Suggestibility

Back 40

the development of biased memories when people are provided w/ misleading info

Front 41

Source Amnesia

Back 41

a type of amnesia that occurs when a person shows memory for an event but cannot remember where he/she encountered the info

Front 42

Confabulation

Back 42

the false recollection of episodic memory