Psychology Chapter 6

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

Our immediate awareness of our internal and external states.

Front 2

Preconsciousness

Back 2

Level of awareness in which information can become readily available to consciousness if necessary.

Front 3

Unconscious State

Back 3

State in which information is not easily accessible to conscious awareness.

Front 4

Implicit Memory

Back 4

Knowledge that we have stored in memory that we are not typically aware of or able to recall at will.

Front 5

Hypnosis

Back 5

A seemingly altered state of consciousness during which individuals can be directed to act or experience the world in unusual ways.

Front 6

Dissociation

Back 6

A splitting of consciousness into two dimensions.

Front 7

Meditation

Back 7

Technique designed to turn one's consciousness away from the outer world toward one's inner cues and awareness.

Front 8

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

Back 8

Theory that organisms sleep for the purposes of self-preservation, to keep away from predators that are more active at night.

Front 9

Restorative Theory of Sleep

Back 9

Theory that we sleep in order to allow the brain and body to restore certain depleted chemical resources and eliminate chemical wastes that have accumulated during the waking day.

Front 10

Circadian Rhythm

Back 10

Patter of sleep-wake cycles that in human beings roughly corresponds to periods of daylight and night.

Front 11

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Back 11

Small group of neurons in the hypothalamus responsible for coordinating the many rhythms of the body.

Front 12

Hypnagogic State

Back 12

A presleep period often characterized by vivid sensory phenomena.

Front 13

Sleep Spindles

Back 13

Burts of brain activity lasting a second or two; occur during Stage 2 sleep.

Front 14

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep

Back 14

Stage of sleep associated with rapid and jagged brainwave patterns, increased heart rate, rapid and irregular breathing, rapid eye movements, and dreaming.

Front 15

nonREM sleep (NREM)

Back 15

Stages 1 through 4 of normal sleep pattern.

Front 16

Information Processing Theory

Back 16

Hypothesis that dreams are the mind's attempt to sort out and organize the day's experiences and to fix them in memory.

Front 17

Activation-Synthesis Model

Back 17

Theory that dreams result from brain's attempts to synthesize or organize random internally generated signals and give them meaning.

Front 18

Lucid Dreams

Back 18

Dreams in which the sleeper fully recognizes that he or she is dreaming, and occasionally actively guides the outcome of the dream.

Front 19

Insomnia

Back 19

Sleep disorder characterized by a regular inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.

Front 20

Sleep Apnea

Back 20

Sleep disorder characterized by repeatedly ceasing to sleep during the night, depriving the brain of oxygen and leading to frequent awakenings.

Front 21

Narcolepsy

Back 21

Sleep disorder marked by uncontrollable urge to fall asleep.

Front 22

Psychoactive Drugs

Back 22

Chemicals that affect awareness, behavior, sensation, perception, or mood.

Front 23

Addiciton

Back 23

Psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug, resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns of behavior and changes in physical response.

Front 24

Tolerance

Back 24

Mark of physical dependence on druge, in which person is required to take incrementally larger doses of the drug to achive the same effect.

Front 25

Withdrawal Symptoms

Back 25

Unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side effects of reducing intake of a drug after a person has become addicted.

Front 26

Depressants

Back 26

Class of drugs that slow the activity of the central nervous system.

Front 27

Alcoholism

Back 27

Long term pattern of alcohol addiction

Front 28

Sedative Hypnotic Drugs

Back 28

Class of drugs, the members of which produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness.

Front 29

Opiods

Back 29

Class of drugs derived from the sap of the opium poppy.

Front 30

Endorphins

Back 30

neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension.

Front 31

Stimulants

Back 31

Substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system.

Front 32

hallucinogens

Back 32

substances that dramatically change one's state of awareness causing powerful changes in sensory perception

Front 33

Flashbacks

Back 33

recurrence of the sensory and emotional changes after the LSD has left the body.

Front 34

Reward Learning Pathway

Back 34

Brain circuitry that is important for learing about rewarding stimuli.

Front 35

Reward-deficiency syndrome

Back 35

theory that people might abuse drugs because their reward center in not readily activated by usual life events.