Psychology Chapter 5

Front 1

memory

Back 1

the ability to store and retrieve information over time

Front 2

encoding

Back 2

the process by which we transform what we percieve, think, or feel into an enduring memory.

Front 3

storage

Back 3

the process of maintaining information in memory over time.

Front 4

retrieval

Back 4

the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored

Front 5

elaborative encoding

Back 5

the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory.

Front 6

visual imagery encoding

Back 6

the process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures

Front 7

organizational encoding

Back 7

the act of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items.

Front 8

memory starage

Back 8

the process of maintaining information in memory over time

Front 9

sensory memory store

Back 9

the place in which sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less

Front 10

iconic memory

Back 10

a fast-decaying store of visual information

Front 11

echoic memory

Back 11

a fast-decaying store of auditory information

Front 12

short-term memory store

Back 12

a place where nonsensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute.

Front 13

rehearsal

Back 13

the process of keeping information in a short-term memory by mentally repeating it.

Front 14

chunking

Back 14

conbining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term storage.

Front 15

working memory

Back 15

active maintenance of information in short-term storage.

Front 16

long-term memory store

Back 16

a place in which information can be kept for hours, days, weeks, or years

Front 17

anterograde amnesia

Back 17

the inability to transfer new information from the short-term story into the long-term store.

Front 18

retrograde amnesia

Back 18

the inability to retrieve information that was acuired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation.

Front 19

long-term potentiation

Back 19

enhanced neural processing that results from the strengthing of synaptic connections.

Front 20

retrieval cue

Back 20

external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind.

Front 21

encoding specificity principle

Back 21

the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initally encoded

Front 22

state-dependent retrieval

Back 22

the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during the encoding and retrieval

Front 23

transfer-appropriate processing

Back 23

the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retrieval cues that will be available later.

Front 24

explicit memory

Back 24

the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

Front 25

implicit memory

Back 25

the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance. even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them.

Front 26

procedural memory

Back 26

the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practive, or "knowing how," to do things.

Front 27

priming

Back 27

an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus