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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is thinking?
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Cognitive process involved in forming new mental representation by manipulating information
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What are concepts?
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Metal representations of categories of items or ideas, based on experience.
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What is a schema?
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Framework for thinking about objects or ideas
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What is a script?
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Sequence of expected behaviors for a particular setting.
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What is a Algorithm?
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Problem solving procedures, guaranteed correct outcome if used correctly.
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What are Heuristics?
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Shortcuts used to solve complex metal tasks, do not guarantee a correct solution.
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What are three useful heuristics?
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Working backwards, searching for analogies, breaking a big problem into smaller ones.
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What is Mental Set?
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Tendency to respond to a new problem in the same way you successfully solved a previous one.
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What is Functional Fixedness?
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Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose. (cannot see manually opening a cd-rom with a needle)
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What are self-imposed limitations?
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Not thinking out of the box, limiting ones self to what you know you can do.
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What is conformation bias?
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ignoring information that doesn't fit our options and seeking information we agree with.
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What is Hindsight bias?
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Thinking that you could have predicted the event, after learning about it.
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What is anchoring bias?
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Faulty Heuristic. Expecting something to do or act the same way because of its similarity to another object.
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What is Representativeness Bias?
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Faulty Heuristic, base on presumptions about something that may be categorized. "All Blondes are dumb"
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What is Availability Bias?
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Faulty heuristic strategy that comes from our tenancy to judge probabilities of events recalled from personal experiences.
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What is Tyranny of choices?
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Too many choices can interfere with effective decision making. "Too many items on the menu"
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Who created a test to identify Children with special needs?
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Alferd Binet and Theodore Simon.
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What is the calculation for IQ?
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Mental age divide by Chronological Age times 100
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Who developed the IQ test?
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Stanford and Binet.
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What is Normal Distribution?
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Bell Shaped curve describing the IQ spread throughout a population.
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What is Normal range?
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score falling in the middle 2/3.
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Where are Mental retardation and Giftedness found?
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Top and bottom 2%
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What are Gardners Seven Intelligences?
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Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Spacial, Musical, Body-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intra-personal.
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