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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the age-related physical, intellectual, social, and personal changes that occur throughout an individual's lifetime
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development
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the fertilized human egg, containing 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother
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zygote
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the period in parental development from conception to implantation of the fertilized egg in the wall of the uterus
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germinal period
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the period of prenatal development lasting from implantation to the end of the eighth week
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embryonic period
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the period of prenatal development lasting from the ninth week until birth
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fetal period
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environmental agents--such as disease organisms or drugs--that can potentially damage the developing embryo or fetus
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teratogens
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the period during which a person reaches sexual maturity and is potentially capable of producing offspring
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puberty
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the period during which a woman's menstrual cycle slows down and finally stops
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menopause
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physically based losses in mental functioning
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dementia
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a research design in which the same people are studied or tested repeatedly over time
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longitudinal design
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a research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time
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cross-sectional design
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the decline in responsiveness to be a stimulus that is repeatedly presented
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habituation
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mental models of the world that we use to guide and interpret our experiences
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schemata
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the process through which we fit--or assimilate--new experiences into existing schemata
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assimilation
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the process through which we change or modify existing schemata to accommodate new experiences
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accommodation
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Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age; schemata revolve around sensory and motor abilities
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sensorimotor period
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the ability to recognize that objects still exist when they're no longer in sight
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object permanence
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Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 2 to 7; children begin to think symbolically but often lack the ability to perform mental operations such as conversation
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preoperational period
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the ability to recognize that the physical properties of an object remain the same despite superficial changes in the object's appearance
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principle of conversation
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the tendency to see the world from one's own unique perspective only; a characteristic of thinking in the preoperational period of development
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egocentrism
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Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, lasting from age 7 to 11. Children acquire the capacity to perform a number of mental operations but still lack the ability for abstract reasoning
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concrete operational period
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Piaget's last stage of cognitive development; thought processes become adultlike, and people gain mastery over abstract thinking
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formal operational period
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the ability to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate actions
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morality
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in Kohlberg's theory, the lowest level of moral development, in which decisions about right and wrong are made primarily in terms of external consequences
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preconventional level
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in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which actions are judged to be right or wrong based on whether or not they maintain or disrupt social order
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conventional level
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Kohlberg's highest level or moral development, in which moral actions are judged on the basis of a personal code of ethics that is general and abstract and that may not agree with societal norm
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postconventional level
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strong emotional ties formed to one or more intimate companions
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attachments
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a child's general level of emotional reactivity
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temperament
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gradually subjecting a child to a stressful situation and observing his or her behavior toward the parent or caregiver. This test is used to classify children according to type of attachment -- secure, resistant, avoidant, or disorganized/disoriented
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strange situation test
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a sense of who one is as an individual and how well one measures up against peers
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personal identity
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specific patterns of behavior that are consistent with how society dictates males and females should act
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gender roles
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discrimination or prejudice against an individual based on physical age
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ageism
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