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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental Psychology |
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. |
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Zygote |
the fertilized egg: it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into embryo |
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Embryo |
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month |
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Fetus |
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
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Teratogens |
(literally, "monster maker") agents, such as toxins, chemicals, and viruses, that can reach embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm |
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Fetal alcohol syndrome |
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions |
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Critical Period |
an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development |
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Sensorimotor Stage |
in Piaget's theory,the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities |
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Pre operational stage |
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic |
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Concrete operational stage |
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events |
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Formal operational stage |
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
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Autism |
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding others' states of mind |
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Stranger anxiety |
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age |
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Attachment |
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation |
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Imprinting |
the process by which certain animals for attachments during a critical period very early in life |
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Adolescence |
the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence |
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Puberty |
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
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Identity |
our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing an integrating various roles. |
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Social Identity |
the 'we' aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships |
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Cross-selection study |
a study in which people of different ages compared with one another |
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Longitudinal study |
research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
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Gender |
the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female |
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X chromosome |
the sec chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child |
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Y Chromosome |
the sex chromosome only found in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child |
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testosterone |
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty |
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Puberty |
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
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Primary sex characteristics |
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible |
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Secondary sex characteristics |
non reproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair |
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Gender role |
a set of expected behaviors for male or for females |
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Gender Identity |
our sense of being male or female |
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Gender typing |
the acquisition of traditional masculine and feminine role |
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Estrogens |
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity |
