Psychology Chapter 4

Front 1

Coping

Back 1

efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Front 2

Common Coping Patterns

Back 2

1. Giving Up
2. Acting Aggressively
3. Indulging Yourself
4. Blaming Yourself
5. Using Defensive Coping

Front 3

Learned helplessness

Back 3

passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Front 4

Aggression

Back 4

behavior intended to hurt someone

Front 5

Displacement

Back 5

Using a substitute target in the manner of acting towards others who have nothing to do with the frustration

Front 6

Catharsis

Back 6

The process where aggression acts release pent-up emotional tension

Front 7

Internet Addiction

Back 7

Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and inability to control one's use

Front 8

Catastrophic Thinking

Back 8

When people become highly critical of themselves

Attributing failures to personal shortcomings
Focusing on negative feedback
Being overly pessimistic about the future

Front 9

Defense Mechanism (Coping)

Back 9

Unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Front 10

Self Deception

Back 10

distortion of reality

Front 11

Constructive Coping

Back 11

efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful (positive coping)

Front 12

5 Types of Constructive Coping

Back 12

1. Confronting problems directly
2. Effort
3. Realistic Appraisals of stress and coping resources
4. Learning to recognize and manage disruptive emotional reactions to stress
5. Learning to exert some control over potential harmful or destructive habitual behaviors.

Front 13

3 Main Categories of Constructive Coping Strategies

Back 13

Appraisal-focused
Problem-focused
Emotion-focused

Front 14

Negative Appraisal

Back 14

Associated with catastrophic thinking, which exaggerates the magnitude of the problem

Front 15

Positive Appraisal

Back 15

realistic/optimistic appraisals allow constructive coping

Front 16

Systematic Problem Solving

Back 16

1. Clarify the problem
2. Generate alternate courses of actions
3. Evaluation alternatives and select a course of action
4. Take action while maintaining flexibility

Front 17

3 Types of Problem-Focused Coping

Back 17

1. Using Systematic Problem Solving
2. Seeking help
3. Using time more effectively

Front 18

Emotional Intelligence

Back 18

The ability to perceive and express emotion, use emotions to facilitate thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion.

Front 19

4 Types of Emotion-Focused Coping

Back 19

1. Enhancing emotional intelligence
2. Expressing Emotions
3. Using meditation and relaxation
4. Using relaxation procedures

Front 20

Meditation

Back 20

to a family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a non-analytical way.

Front 21

Benson's relaxation response

Back 21

1. A quiet environment
2. A mental point
3. A passive attitude
4. A comfortable position

Front 22

Death system

Back 22

the collections of rituals and procedures used by a culture to handle death

Front 23

The process of dying

Back 23

Stages:
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

Front 24

Bereavement

Back 24

the painful loss of a loved one through death

Front 25

The grieving process

Back 25

Stages:
1. Numbness
2. Yearning
3. Disorganization and Despair
4. Reorganization

Front 26

Absent grief

Back 26

low levels of depression before and after the spouse's death
(Most common reaction)

Front 27

Chronic grief

Back 27

high levels of depression before and after the spouse's death

Front 28

Common grief

Back 28

increased depression shortly after the spouses's death, followed by a decrease