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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is memory?
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Human memory is an information processing system that works constructively to encode, store, and retrieve information
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What is encoding?
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Involves the location and recovery of information from memory
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What is storage?
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Involves retention of encoded material over time
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What is Access and Retrieval?
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Type of encoding in which meaning is added to information in working memory so that it may be more easily
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What is Sensory Memory?
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Preserves brief sensory impressions of stimuli, also called sensory register
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How many characters can sensory memory store?
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Seven to Nine Characters
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What is working memory?
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Preserves recently perceived events or experiences for less than a minute without rehearsal, also called short-term memory or STM
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What is elaborative rehearsal?
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Process in which information is actively reviewed and related to information already in LTM
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What is Long Term Memory?
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Stores material organized according to meaning, also called LTM
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What is Procedural Memory?
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Division of LTM that stores memories for how things are done
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What is Declarative Memory?
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Division of LTM that stores explicit information
(also known as fact memory) |
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What is Episodic Memory?
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Subdivision of declarative memory that stores memories for personal events, or “episodes”
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What is Semantic Memory?
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Subdivision of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, including meanings of words and concepts
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What is an Engram?
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The physical trace of memory
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What is Ante-grade Amnesia?
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Inability to form memories for new information
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What is Retrograde Amnesia?
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Inability to remember information previously stored in memory
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What is Implicit Memory?
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Memory that was not deliberately learned or of which you have no conscious awareness
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What is Explicit Memory?
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Memory that has been processed with attention and can be consciously recalled
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What is Priming?
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Procedure of providing cues that stimulate memories without awareness of the connection between the cue and the retrieved memory
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What is Recall?
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Technique for retrieving explicit memories in which one must reproduce previously presented information
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What is Recognition?
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Technique for retrieving explicit memories in which one must identify present stimuli as having been previously presented
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What is Encoding, Specificity Principle?
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The more closely the retrieval clues match the form in which the information was encoded, the better the information will be remembered
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What is Mood congruent Memory?
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A happy moods is likely to trigger happy memories, depression perpetuates itself through biased retrieval of depressing memories
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What is Prospective Memory?
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Remembering to remember
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What is continuous monitoring?
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Trying to keep intended actions in mind
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What is Tip of tongue phenomenon?
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Inability to remember with the sense you have the information in memory
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What is Transience?
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The impermanence of a long-term memory; long-term memories gradually fade in strength over time
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What is Interference?
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One item prevents us from forming a robust memory for another item
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What is Absent-Mindedness?
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Forgetting caused by shifting attention elsewhere
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What is Blocking?
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Forgetting that occurs when an item in memory cannot be accessed or retrieved
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What is Mis-attribution?
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Memory fault that occurs when memories are retrieved, but they are associated with the wrong time, place, or person
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What is Suggestibility?
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Process of memory distortion as a result of deliberate or inadvertent suggestion
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What is Bias?
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An attitude, belief, emotion, or experience that distorts memories
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What is persistence?
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Memory problem in which unwanted memories cannot be put out of mind
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What is Mnemonics?
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Techniques for improving memory, especially by making connections between new material and information already in long-term memory
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