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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the nervous system |
Integrate the functioning of your body(make sure you do the right behavior at the right time and place) |
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How does your nervous system integrate |
Giant communication system-- passes on information |
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3 steps for comunication |
Input, process output |
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What are the input |
Sensory neurons |
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What are the process |
Decision making neurons |
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What are the output |
Motor neurons |
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Purpose of neurons |
Passes on information |
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What are neurons composed of |
Cell body, dendrites, axon |
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What is the myelin sheath |
Insulating layer of fatty material |
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What is myelin sheath composed of |
Glial cells |
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What do glial cells do |
Provide physical support, nutritive, and remove waste from neurons |
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How much do glial cells outnumber neurons |
20:1 |
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What are the dendrites |
Branch like structures for receiving information. |
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Cell body functions |
Contains the apparatus to keep cells alive, provides energy for the cell to communicate |
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What is the axon |
A slender tube like structure that transmits info away from the cell body to either other neurons or effector organs |
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What does the axon terminal contain |
Vesicles |
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What do vesicles contain |
Chemicals called neurotransmitters |
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What does myelin sheath do |
Insulates the electrochemical message travelling down the axon, and acceleratea |
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Sensory neurons |
Carry info from sensory receptors into the central nervous system-- brain and spinal cord |
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What are the motor neurons |
Carry info from central nervous system to effector organs |
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What are the effector organs |
Muscles and glands |
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What are the interneurons |
Carry info between neurons |
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What is resting voltage |
-70 millivolts |
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Def of polarized |
Uneven distribution of electrical charges inside relative to outside |
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What is the threshold voltage in which the membrane opens |
-55 |
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What must happen in order to reach the threshold voltage |
You must depolarize |
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What happens after threshold voltage is reached |
Voltage gated sodium channels open up |
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What happens after voltage gates open |
Sodium rushes in depolarizing the neuron to +40 mv |
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What is the voltage +40 mv |
Action potential, aka the message |
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What gets you to the threshold voltage, aka what cause s depolarization |
Sensory receptor |
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What is the 2 characteristics of action potential |
1. Obeys all or none principle 2. The action potentials are self propagating |
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What does it mean when the action potentials are self propagating |
They move themselves across the full length of the axon to the axon terminal |
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How can we pick up something heavy vs something light when action potential is always the same |
Frequency of the action potentials per second |
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What are the bare spots on the myelin sheath called |
Nodes of ranvier |
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What is when the electric impulse moves from node to node |
Saltatory conduction |
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What are the 2 types of resets |
Electrical and chemical |
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What happens in electrical reset |
Opening of voltage potassium channels which means we are loosing positive things |
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What happens in chemical reset |
Reset the sodium potassium pump, kicks out 3 Na+ for every 2 k+ it brings in |
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What is the absolute refractory period |
When the cell cannot refire |
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What is the thing sending the info |
Presynaptic neuron |
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What is the thing receiving the info |
Postsynaptic |
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How does transmission occur |
The AP reaches the terminals making the vesicles rupture, the nt from the vesicles, receptor receives the nt because it fits into the receptor like a key |
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How to deactivate (3 things) (when your body doesn't want an action to occur) |
Reuptake and enymatic degridation and autoreceptors |
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Re uptake |
Reabsorbs the nt from the receptor |
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Enzymatic degridation |
Enzyme breaks up the nt( so it doesn't fit like a key in a lock) |
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Autoreceptors |
When nt's bind to the receptor site |
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Acetylcholene |
A neurotransmitter involved in several functions, including motor control. Activates muscles to initiate motor behavior, also regulates attention, learning, sleeping, dreaming and memory |
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Dopamine |
Neurotransmitter that regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal. (Behaviors motivated by something) |
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Glutamate |
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain , meaning it enhances transmission of info between neurons |
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GABBA |
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, meaning it stops the firing of neurons |
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Norepinephrine |
Heightened awareness of dangers in the environment |
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Serotonin |
Neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, and aggressive behavior |
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Endorphine |
Chemicals that act within pain pathways and emotion centers of the brain, dulls the experience of pain |
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Agonitsts |
Drugs that increase the action of the neurotransmitter |
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Antagonists |
Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter |
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The drug Prozac which blocks the reuptake of serotonin, is an... |
Agonist |
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The drug propranolol that obstructs a receptor site is a ... |
Antagonist |
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Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deterioration of... |
Acetylcholene |
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This neurotransmitter plays a role in drug addiction |
Dopamine |
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High levels of this neurotransmitter is linked with schizophrenia |
Dopamine |
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Low levels of this neurotransmitter is linked to Parkinson's disease |
Dopamine |
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Too.much glutamate, or too little GABA |
Can cause neurons to become overactive, causing seizures |
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Low levels of these 2 neurotransmitters can cause mood disorders |
Norepinephrine and serotonin |
