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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biological psychology
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Branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and systems.
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Neuroscience
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The study of the nervous system, especially the brain.
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Neuron
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A highly specialized cell that communicated information in electrical and chemical form; a nerve cell
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Sensory neuron
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The type of neuron that conveys information to the brain from specialized receptor cells in sense organs and internal organs.
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Motor neuron
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The type of neuron that signals muscles to relax or contract.
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Interneuron
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The type of neuron that communicates information from one neuron to the next.
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Cell body
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The part of a cell that processes nutrients and provides energy for the neuron to function; contains cell's nucleus; also called the soma
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Dendrites
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Multiple short fibers that extend from a neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells.
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Axon
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The long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas.
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Glial Cells (glia)
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Support cells that assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes, glial cells manufacture myelin.
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Myelin Sheath
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A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed
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Action Potential |
A brief electrical impulse by which information is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
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Stimulus Threshold
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The minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron.
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Resting Potential
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The state in which a neuron is prepared to activate and communicate its message if it receives sufficient stimulation.
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Synapes
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The point of communication between two neurons.
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Synaptic Gap
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The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of an adjoining neuron.
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Axon Terminals
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The branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs, called synaptic vesicles.
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Synaptic Vesicles
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The tiny pouches or sacs in axon terminals that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron
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Synaptic Transmission
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The process through which neurotransmitters are released by one neuron, cross the synaptic gap, and affect adjoining neurons.
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Reuptake
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The process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach from a postsynaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again.
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Acetylcholine
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Learning, memory, muscle contractions. Disease: Alzheimer's disease. |
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Dopamine
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Movement, thought processes, rewarding sensations. Disease: Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, drug addiction |
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Serotonin
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Emotional states, sleep, sensory perception Disease: Depression |
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Norepinephrine
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Physical arousal, learning, memory, regulation of sleep Disease: Depression, stress |
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Glutamate
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Excitatory messages Disease: seizures, Alzheimer's disease. |
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GABA
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Inhibitory messages Disease: anxiety disorders |
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Endorphines
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Pain perception, positive emotions Disease: Opioid addiction |
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