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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is 'anecdotal evidence'? |
"my friend said that...." |
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true or false: survey research can infer cause and effect |
FALSE |
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what is an experiment? |
manipulation of one variable under contrlled conditions so that resulting changes in another variable can be observed |
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true or false: experiments allow for detection of cause-and-effect relationships |
true |
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which is the independent variable? |
the control group. |
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which is the dependent variable? |
the one affected by manipulation? (how does x affect y? x=independent variable, y= dependent variable) |
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what is an experimental group? |
subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable |
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what is an advantage of the experimental method? |
conclusions about cause-and-effect can be drawn |
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what are some disadvantages of the experimental method? |
1. artificial nature of experiments 2. ethical and practical issues |
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when is the descriptive/correlational method used? |
when a researcher cannot manipulate the variables under study |
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when might a researcher not be able to manipulate the variables under study? |
naturalistic observation case studies survey research |
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when two variables are related to each other, they are.... |
...correlated |
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what is correlation coefficient? |
statistic used to summarize the degree of relationship, expressed as a number between 0 and 1 that can be positive or negative. the higher the correlation coefficients, the higher the ability to predict one variable based on the other |
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what is naturalistic observation? |
when a researcher engages in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects |
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what could be a downside of naturalistic observation? |
the subjects being studied could be freaked out by having someone watching them and behave differently than they normally would |
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what is a case study? |
a case study is an in-depth investigation of an individual subject |
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what is survey research? |
when researchers use sets of questions or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants' behavior |
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what is a downside of survey research? |
people are likely to respond with what is socially acceptable/desirable on controversial surveys |
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what's an advantage of descriptive/correlational research? |
it explores questions that cannot be examined experimentally |
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what is a disadvantage of descriptive/correlational research? |
investigators cannot control events to isolate cause and effect |
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what are some possible flaws in research? |
sampling bias placebo effect distortions in self-report data experimenter bias |
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what is meant by 'distortions in self-report data'? |
social desirability bias misunderstood questions memory errors responding positively or negatively to all items (that is to say, people who don't want to be taking the survey can be jerks) |
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what is a solution to experimenter bias? |
the double-blind solution |
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what is the double-blind solution? |
the subjects don't know what condition they are in, and the person experimenting has no idea what condition the subjects are in either |
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what is a single-blind study? |
when the subjects don't know what condition they are in but the experimenter does |
