Psychology Chapter 2

Front 1

Neuron

Back 1

Receive and transmit information (3 types)

Front 2

Censory Neurons

Back 2

Receive Information

Front 3

Motor Neurons

Back 3

Send out information

Front 4

Interneurons

Back 4

Allow Neurons to communicate with themselves

Front 5

Glial Cells

Back 5

Provide Structural support for neurons

Front 6

Dendrites

Back 6

receive information from other neurons and sensory information (neuron)

Front 7

Nucleus

Back 7

provides energy for the neuron (neuron)

Front 8

Cell body

Back 8

contains nucleus (neuron)

Front 9

Axon

Back 9

carries neuron's messages to other body areas. (neuron)

Front 10

Node of Ranvier

Back 10

a gap in the myelin sheath (neuron)

Front 11

Myelin Sheath

Back 11

increases neuron communication speed (neuron)

Front 12

Polarization/resting potential

Back 12

-Resting state
-typical state
-Axon's interior is negatively charged with Potassium Ions
outside is positively charged with sodium ions

Front 13

Depolarized/Action Potential

Back 13

if sufficiently stimulated by other neurons, channels open at each segment. sodium ions enter, potassium ions leave. electrical charge changes briefly from negative to positive

Front 14

All-or-none law

Back 14

either the neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs OR it is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does NOT occur

Front 15

two conditions make neuron communicate faster?

Back 15

-myelin sheath
-thicker axon

Front 16

synapse

Back 16

point of communication between two neurons

Front 17

Neurotransmitter

Back 17

chemical messengers in the neuron that travel between neurons through the synapse

Front 18

Locks and Keys

Back 18

Neurotransmitter molecules have specific shapes
receptor molecules have binding sites.
when the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, ions enter
"when key fits, neurotransmitter can enter from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic

Front 19

Reuptake

Back 19

process by which neurotransmitter molecules detach and are reabsorbed

Front 20

Central Nervous System

Back 20

brain and spinal cord

Front 21

Spinal reflexes

Back 21

automatic behaviors processed in spinal cord, occur without brain involvement.
-happens within spinal cord

Front 22

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 22

outer edges of body (2 divisions)

Front 23

Somatic Nervous System

Back 23

Voluntary movements (peripheral nervous system)

Front 24

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 24

Involuntary Movements (2 branches)-(Peripheral nervous system)

Front 25

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 25

FIGHT or FLIGHT-arouses the body (Autonomic Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System)

Front 26

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 26

Returns body to normal (Autonomic Nervous System-Peripheral Nervous System)

Front 27

Hindbrain

Back 27

regulates basic life functions

Front 28

Pons

Back 28

bridge-relay information to cerebellum
-coordinate movement (Hindbrain)

Front 29

Cerebellum

Back 29

Control balance, movement, posture (Hindbrain)

Front 30

Reticular Formation

Back 30

attention, alterness and incoming sensory information
-regulates attention and sleep (Hindbrain)

Front 31

Medulla

Back 31

controls breathing, heart rate, and other vital life functions (digestion)--HINDBRAIN

Front 32

Midbrain

Back 32

processes auditory and visual sensory signals

Front 33

Forebrain

Back 33

cortex, limbic system

Front 34

Cerebral Cortex

Back 34

-whole exterior part (forebrain)

Front 35

Corpus Callosum

Back 35

thick bundle of axons, connects the left and right hemisphere so there is communication.

Front 36

Temporal Lobe

Back 36

primary Auditory cortex

Front 37

Occipital Lobe

Back 37

Primary Visual Cortex

Front 38

parietal Lobe

Back 38

Somatosensory cortex, processes sensory information

Front 39

frontal Lobe

Back 39

planning, initiating and executing voluntary muscle movements
--primary motor cortex--

Front 40

Limbic System

Back 40

involved in emotion, motivation, learning and memory (forebrain)

Front 41

Hypothalamus

Back 41

reward center-hunger, survival behaviors (limbic system-forebrain)

Front 42

Hippocampus

Back 42

memories, neurogenesis-new neurons are made (limbic system-forebrain)

Front 43

Amygdala

Back 43

emotions-recognition of emotion (limbic system-forebrain)

Front 44

thalamus

Back 44

Sensory relay-takes in information (limbic system-forebrain)

Front 45

Agnosias

Back 45

disorders of perception

Front 46

Visual agnosias

Back 46

can identify an object by touch/feel but not by sight

Front 47

prosopagnosia

Back 47

cannot identify faces

Front 48

apraxias

Back 48

disorders of action; preparation and initiation of action

Front 49

broca's aphasia

Back 49

difficulties with speech- motor/production of speech-studdering

Front 50

wernicke's aphasia

Back 50

difficulties understanding spoken or written language-full sentences but nonsensical--word salad--

Front 51

Left hemisphere

Back 51

language

Front 52

Right hemisphere

Back 52

faces, imagination, music, art

Front 53

split-brain

Back 53

a surgical procedure that cuts through the corpus callosum