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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a neuron do?
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it informs your brain things
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why don't neurons touch
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because they are separated by a fluid called synapse
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Synapse
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a place where neurons can communicate with one another
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what happens in the synapse?
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neurotransmitters go across it
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what are neurotransmitters?
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chemical transmitters that transport nerve impulses
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what is an axon?
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tubelike structure that carries messages away from cell body towards other neurons
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what are somas and axons?
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terminal buttons
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what is a terminal button?
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swelling at tips of axons
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what do sensory neurons do?
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transmits info from sensory organs to the spinal cord and brain
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what do motor neurons do?
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conveys messages to glands to release hormones
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what is a nerve?
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a bundle of axons from different neurons
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what is the other main cell?
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a Gial cell
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what is a Gial cell?
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holds neurons together. a "glue"
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what do gial cells do?
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supports nervous system, removes waste
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what dont the gial cells do?
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they do not produce neurotransmitters
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what are ions?
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outside and inside neuron. electrically charged atoms and molecules
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at the resting potential
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there is a high concentration of sodium cells outside of the cell
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where do neurotransmitters "dock"?
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at the receptor site
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reuptake
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like recycling. where neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by transmitting neuron
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what is the most common neuron in the nervous system?
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internueron
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antagonist
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drugs that BLOCK out actions of neurotransmitters
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agonist
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drugs that enhance neurotransmitters
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types of agonists
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cocaine, amphetamine
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endorphin
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natural chemicals- pain reducing and pleasure inducing effects
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in treatment for schizophrenia what types of drugs do what?
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antiphyschotic drugs serve as antagonists to block receptor sites for dopamine
antagonist, dopamine |
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action potential is otherwise known as
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neural impulse
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what does the action potential/neural impulse do?
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change from a negative charge to a positive one
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Glutamate
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keeps central nervous system aroused
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dopamine produces feelings of
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pleasure. eating when hungry, drinking when thirsty
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what does seratonin do?
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helps regulate moods, produces feelings, induces sleep
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myelinated axons are also known as
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white matter
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nervous system
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network of nerve cells and support cells for communicating and processing info
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central nervous system
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part of nervous system that consists of brain and spinal cord
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spinal cord
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column of nerves as thick as your thumb
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reflex
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automatic, unlearned reaction to stimulus
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spinal reflex
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reflex controlled at the level of the spinal cord- one that bypasses the brain
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Peripheral Nervous System
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connects central nervous system to other parts of body. broken into two parts
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part 1: somatic nervous system
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transmits messages to sensory organs and muscles
also controls voluntary movement (colors of rainbow to brain) |
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part 2: autonoic nervous system
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controls internal body processes- heartbeat, respiration, digestion, dilation of pupils
also broken into two parts |
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part 1: sympatheic nervous system
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speeds up bodily processes and draws energy to stored reserves
(more energy) |
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part 2: parasympathetic nervous system
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regulates bodily processes such as digestion, replenishes stores of energy
- mediation and positive visualization (less energy) |
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hindbrain
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lowest part
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what does the hindbrain contain? (3)
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pons, medula, cerrebellum
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what makes it hard to stay awake?
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pons
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what does the cerebellum do?
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controls balance and coordination
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midbrain
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controls automatic movements of eye muscles
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forebrain
(contains many things) |
toward top and front, largest part
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what is the relay station
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thalamus
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where is the hypothalamus and what does it do?
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in forebrain, helps regulate hunger and thirst
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what is the largest part of the forebrain?
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cerebrum
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occipital lobe
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processes visual info
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parietal lobe
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processes info relation to sensations of touch
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frontal lobe
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controls motor responses
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temporal lobe
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auditory info
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what is part of the parietal lobe?
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the somotosensory cortex
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majority of the cortex is made up of?
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association areas
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where is the hippocampus and what does it do
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located behind amygadala and important information of memories
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computerized tomography
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x ray at different angles to make 3D image
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electrical stimulation
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current through certain parts of brain to see if its responsible for controlling certain behaviors
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Laceration
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head injury when something hits skull and damages brain
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concussion
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bow to head
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plasticity
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when brain can reorganize self after stroke
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split brain study?
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patient can see pencil when in right visual field but not left
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lateralization?
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divisions of functions in left and right brain
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95% of kids suck what finger and are what handed
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right and right
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how many pairs of identical twins out of 5 share same hand pref
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4/5
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releasing factors secreted in the
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hypothalamus
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disurbances to sleep cycles might be due to
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melatonin hormone
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the melatonin hormone is secreted by the
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pineal gland
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what is a hormone of the pancreas
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insullin
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what is the polygenic trait influenced by?
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influenced by many genes
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what is a genotype
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an organisms genetic code
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what is the concordance rate
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numbers represented in studies
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what do brain scans do?
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differentiate between extroverts and neurotics
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nature vs nurture is a type of
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adoptee study
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how many chromosomes
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46
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what type of twins could both have schizophrenia
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monozygotic twins
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what is a phenotype
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organisms obersvable traits
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