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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Developmental Psychology
The study of changes in physiology, cognition, and social behavior over the life span.
Teratogens
Environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus.
Synaptic Pruning
A process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are frequently used are preserved, and those that are not are lost.
Critical Periods
Biologically determined time periods for the development of specific skills.
Sensitive Periods
Biologically determined time periods when specific skills develop most easily.
Attachment
A strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances.
Secure Attachment
Attachment style for a majority of infants, who are readily comforted when their caregiver returns after a brief separation.
Avoidant attachment
Attachment style in which infants ignore their caregiver when he or she returns after a brief separation.
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
Attachment style in which infants become extremely upset when their caregiver leaves but reject the caregiver when he or she returns.
Disorganized Attachment
Attachment style in which infants give mixed responses when their caregiver leaves and then returns from a short absense.
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Pre-operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
Scheme
Ways of thinking
Assimilation
New experience placed into existing schema
Accommodation
New experience placed into existing schema
Sensorimotor Stage
-Age (0-2 years)
-Sensory experiences and motor reactions
-Major achievements
Object Permanence
Knowing an object exists even when its no longer seen.
Pre-operational Stage
-Age (2-7 years)
-Mental representation
-Language
-Egocentrism
-Fail conservation tasks
Concrete Operations
Age (7-11)
Mentally solve problems
Take perspective of other people
Classifying objects
Conservation and other reversible mental operations
Formal Operations Period
Age (12+)
Abstract Concept
Logic
Hypothetical Thinking
What were the results of "Harlow's Monkeys"
Infant monkeys will prefer and form an attachment to a surrogate mother that provides warmth and comfort over a wire surrogate mother that provides milk.
Concrete Operations
Age (7-11)
Mentally solve problems
Take perspective of other people
Classifying objects
Conservation and other reversible mental operations
Formal Operations Period
Age (12+)
Abstract Concept
Logic
Hypothetical Thinking
What were the results of "Harlow's Monkeys"
Infant monkeys will prefer and form an attachment to a surrogate mother that provides warmth and comfort over a wire surrogate mother that provides milk.
Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
Jean Piaget
Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
Erik Erikson
Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
Jean Piaget
Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
Erik Erikson
Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
Jean Piaget
Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
Erik Erikson
Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
Pre-conventional
Children classify answers in terms of self interest or pleasurable outcomes.
Conventional
Middle stage of moral development, in which rules and the approval of others determines what is moral.
Post-conventional
Depends on abstract principles.
Adolescence: Physical Development
Puberty
Adolescence: Cognitive Development
Abstract Reasoning
Egocentrism
Imaginary audience
Personal Fable
Most frequent parental conflicts?
Early adolescence
Most intense parental conflicts?
Mid adolescence
Mood swings?
Depression
Loneliness
Why risk takers?
Enjoy the feeling of excitement
Peer Relationship?
Belongingness
3 Major Early Adult Priorites?
Career, Marriage, Family
Middle Adults?
Lasting impact set priorities
Changing body (Menopause, chronic illness)
Characteristics of Aging?
Physical Slowing (50+)
Perception declines
More susceptible to disease
Less of an intellectual decline if?
Healthy and active
Fluid intelligence
Information processing in novel or complex circumstances
Crystalized intelligence
Knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge