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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Developmental Psychology
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The study of changes in physiology, cognition, and social behavior over the life span.
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Teratogens
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Environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus.
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Synaptic Pruning
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A process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are frequently used are preserved, and those that are not are lost.
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Critical Periods
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Biologically determined time periods for the development of specific skills.
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Sensitive Periods
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Biologically determined time periods when specific skills develop most easily.
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Attachment
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A strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances.
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Secure Attachment
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Attachment style for a majority of infants, who are readily comforted when their caregiver returns after a brief separation.
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Avoidant attachment
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Attachment style in which infants ignore their caregiver when he or she returns after a brief separation.
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Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment
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Attachment style in which infants become extremely upset when their caregiver leaves but reject the caregiver when he or she returns.
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Disorganized Attachment
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Attachment style in which infants give mixed responses when their caregiver leaves and then returns from a short absense.
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4 Stages of Cognitive Development
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Sensorimotor
Pre-operational Concrete Operational Formal Operational |
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Scheme
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Ways of thinking
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Assimilation
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New experience placed into existing schema
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Accommodation
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New experience placed into existing schema
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Sensorimotor Stage
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-Age (0-2 years)
-Sensory experiences and motor reactions -Major achievements |
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Object Permanence
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Knowing an object exists even when its no longer seen.
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Pre-operational Stage
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-Age (2-7 years)
-Mental representation -Language -Egocentrism -Fail conservation tasks |
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Concrete Operations
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Age (7-11)
Mentally solve problems Take perspective of other people Classifying objects Conservation and other reversible mental operations |
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Formal Operations Period
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Age (12+)
Abstract Concept Logic Hypothetical Thinking |
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What were the results of "Harlow's Monkeys"
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Infant monkeys will prefer and form an attachment to a surrogate mother that provides warmth and comfort over a wire surrogate mother that provides milk.
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Concrete Operations
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Age (7-11)
Mentally solve problems Take perspective of other people Classifying objects Conservation and other reversible mental operations |
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Formal Operations Period
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Age (12+)
Abstract Concept Logic Hypothetical Thinking |
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What were the results of "Harlow's Monkeys"
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Infant monkeys will prefer and form an attachment to a surrogate mother that provides warmth and comfort over a wire surrogate mother that provides milk.
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Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
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Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
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Jean Piaget
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Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
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Erik Erikson
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Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
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Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
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Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
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Jean Piaget
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Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
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Erik Erikson
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Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
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Fox's Experiment to Test Binocular Disparity
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Determines whether the baby can use binocular disparity as a cue to depth
|
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Jean Piaget
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Introduced the idea that cognitive development occurs in stages
|
|
Erik Erikson
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Proposed a theory of development emphasizing age-related psychological processes and their effects on social functioning across the life span.
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Devised a theory of moral judgement that involved three levels of moral reasoning. Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.
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Pre-conventional
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Children classify answers in terms of self interest or pleasurable outcomes.
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Conventional
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Middle stage of moral development, in which rules and the approval of others determines what is moral.
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Post-conventional
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Depends on abstract principles.
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Adolescence: Physical Development
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Puberty
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Adolescence: Cognitive Development
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Abstract Reasoning
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Egocentrism
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Imaginary audience
Personal Fable |
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Most frequent parental conflicts?
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Early adolescence
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Most intense parental conflicts?
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Mid adolescence
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Mood swings?
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Depression
Loneliness |
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Why risk takers?
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Enjoy the feeling of excitement
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Peer Relationship?
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Belongingness
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3 Major Early Adult Priorites?
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Career, Marriage, Family
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Middle Adults?
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Lasting impact set priorities
Changing body (Menopause, chronic illness) |
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Characteristics of Aging?
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Physical Slowing (50+)
Perception declines More susceptible to disease |
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Less of an intellectual decline if?
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Healthy and active
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Fluid intelligence
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Information processing in novel or complex circumstances
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Crystalized intelligence
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Knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge
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